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[♪♪♪]

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>> WE HAVE TAKEN TREMENDOUS

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STEPS.

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WE HAVE ACHIEVED THE BREATH

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TAKING, THE EARTH SHAKING, THE

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GROUND BREAKING, AND LEFT THE

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MARK IN THE HEAVENS.

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OUR SUCCESSES BUILD ONE UPON

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ANOTHER AND AMPLIFY WHAT IS

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POSSIBLE.

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IT'S TIME WE TAKE THE NEXT GREAT

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LEAP.

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WE'RE BUILDING THE NEXT CHAPTER

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OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION,

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RETURNING TO THE MOON TO STAY SO

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WE CAN GO BEYOND, TO MARS, TO

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EXPAND WHAT'S POSSIBLE AND

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FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING.

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THE ARCHITECTURE FOR THESE

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MISSIONS IS ALREADY TAKING

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SHAPE.

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WE WILL GO WITH NEW SYSTEMS,

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BOLD DESIGN, AND A SUSTAINABLE

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MISSION.

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YOU CAN SEE IT, TOUCH IT, TASTE

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IT.

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WE ARE PRESSING OUR PIONEER

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SPIRIT INTO EVERY COMPONENT,

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DESIGNING OUR RESOLVE INTO EVERY

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LINE OF CODE, SECURING OUR

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SUCCESS WITH EVERY WELCOMED

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PARTNERSHIP.

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THIS IS NOT HYPOTHETICAL, THIS

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IS ABOUT SCIENCE AND FEEDING

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FORWARD THE ADVANCE OF THE HUMAN

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SPIRIT BECAUSE WE ARE THE

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PIONEERS, THE STAR SAILORS, THE

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THINKERS, THE VISIONARIES, THE

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DOERS.

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AND BECAUSE WE STAND ON THE

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SHOULDERS OF GIANTS TO GO

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FARTHER THAN HUMANITY HAS EVER

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BEEN, WE WILL ADD OUR NAMES TO

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THE ROLLS OF THE GREATEST

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ADVENTURERS IN HISTORY, EVERY

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DAY, EVERY MISSION, WE ADVANCE

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THIS CALL.

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WE ARE NASA.

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AND AFTER 60 YEARS, WE'RE JUST

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GETTING STARTED.

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[Applause]

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>> ALL RIGHT.

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MAN, THOSE VIDEOS ARE A TOUGH

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ACT TO FOLLOW.

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THEY ARE OUTSTANDING.

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WELL, GOOD AFTERNOON AND WELCOME

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TO THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER AND

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THE DAWN OF A NEW ERA IN THE

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EXPLORATION OF THE SPACE CENTER

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AND MARS.

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I AM PLEASED TO WELCOME YOU ALL,

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DISTINGUISHED GUESTS, NASA'S

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VALUED EMPLOYEES WATCHING FROM

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ACROSS THE NATION, AND OUR

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GUESTS HERE AND BROAD.

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IT WAS 50 YEARS AGO THIS JULY

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THAT KSC WAS THE LAUNCH SITE FOR

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THAT HISTORIC APOLLO 11 MISSION,

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WHEN PRESIDENT KENNEDY STOOD

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BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF

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CONGRESS, AND HE ANNOUNCED HIS

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AMBITIOUS GOAL OF SENDING HUMANS

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TO THE MOON AND RETURNING THEM

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SAFELY.

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WE STILL HAD TO FIGURE OUT HOW

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TO MAKE THAT WORK.

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WE QUICKLY RAMPED UP OPERATIONS

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HERE AT KSC.

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WE HAD THE MERCURY 7 CREW HERE.

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WE HOSTED THEM, WE WORKED HARD

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ON THE GEMINI, WORKING ON

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EVERYTHING WE NEEDED TO TO GET

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THE FIRST HUMANS ON THE MOON TO

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MAKE THE FIRST STEPS ON THE

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LUNAR SURFACE 50 YEARS AGO.

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WE'LL BE TAKING SIMILAR STEPS AS

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WE BUILD A SUSTAINABLE

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ARCHITECTURE.

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THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER IS UP

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TO THE CHALLENGE AND WE CAN'T

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WAIT TO SEE ROCKETS ON THOSE

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LAUNCH PADS TAKING HUMANS BACK

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TO THE MOON AND EVENTUALLY ONTO

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MARS.

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IT'S MY PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE

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TIM BRIDENSTINE.

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TIM CAME ON BOARD ABOUT THE TIME

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THE PRESIDENT SIGNED SPACE

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POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE THAT

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DIRECTED US TO SEND HUMANS TO

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THE MOON FOR LONG-TERM

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EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION,

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FOLLOWED BY MISSIONS TO MARS.

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HIS PASSION FOR FLIGHT AND SPACE

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EXPLORATION SERVED HIM WELL ON

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THE ARMED FORCES COMMITTEE AND

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THE TECHNOLOGY SPACE AND SCIENCE

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COMMITTEE IN CONGRESS.

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AND TODAY, THAT PASSION IS

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INSPIRING THE NASA WORKFORCE AND

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THE PUBLIC ON A NEW MISSION OF

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EXPLORATION.

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PLEASE WELCOME OUR 13th

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ADMINISTRATOR, JIM BRIDENSTINE.

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[Applause]

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>> WELL, BOB, THANK YOU FOR THAT

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INTRODUCTION AND THANK YOU ALL

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FOR BEING HERE ON A DAY THAT WE

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THINK IS EXCITING.

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TODAY, WE ARE ROLLING OUT THE

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PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST FOR

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NASA, AND I'M VERY HAPPY TO TELL

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YOU THAT NASA'S BUDGET REQUEST

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FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED

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STATES IS STRONG, AND WE HAVE

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STRONG BIPARTISAN SUPPORT IN

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BOTH CHAMBERS OF CONGRESS.

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[Applause]

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>> I'M GOING TO SPEND A FEW

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MINUTES TALKING ABOUT A MISSION

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THAT I THINK IS A LOT OF FUN,

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VERY EXCITING, AND

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TRANSFORMATIVE, AS A MATTER OF

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FACT, OF THE WAY WE FLY IN THE

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

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WE HAVE BEEN FLYING THROUGH THE

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ATMOSPHERE AT .6 MACH FOR 50

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YEARS, AND I THINK IT'S TIME WE

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CHANGE THAT.

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THE X-59 AND THE AIR FORCE

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MISSION DIRECTORATE IS FUNDED AT

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A VERY STRONG LEVEL.

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I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND

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ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS.

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LAST YEAR, WE SAW OVER GALVESTON

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WHAT A SONIC BOOM WILL DO TO

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COMMUNITIES, FROM AN ANNOYANCE

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PERSPECTIVE AND FROM AN

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INFRASTRUCTURE PERSPECTIVE.

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WHEN WE SAW THAT, WE WERE ABLE

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TO MAKE DETERMINATIONS AS TO

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WHAT THE LEVEL OF TOLERANCE

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WOULD BE FOR A SONIC BOOM.

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IT HAS BEEN BANNED BY A LONG

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TIME BY THE F.A.A. TO FLY OVER

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THE UNITED STATES AS SUPER SONIC

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AIR SPEEDS BECAUSE OF THE

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PROBLEMS WITH DISTURBANCE TO

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INFRASTRUCTURE.

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WE AS NASA HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR

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A LONG TIME TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN.

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IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, WE ARE

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ASSESSING WHAT IS THE TOLERANCE

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FOR A LOW BOOM, AND WE'RE

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IMAGING IT.

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IN FACT JUST THE OTHER DAY, WE

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HAD A BEECHCRAFT 200 FLY WITH A

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BRAND-NEW CAMERA AND LOOK AT TWO

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T-38s FLYING BELOW IT AT SUPER

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SONIC SPEEDS AND LOOKING AT THAT

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PRESSURE WAVE.

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NOT JUST AT THE BOW BUT AT ALL

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THOSE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE

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T-38s BUT WHEN THEY COMBINE.

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BECAUSE WHEN THOSE PRESSURE

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COMBINES, THAT'S WHEN WE GET THE

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SUPER SONIC BOOM AND THAT'S WHAT

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CAN BE TROUBLING FOR

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INFRASTRUCTURE.

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SO WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO IS

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TAKE WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THESE

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EXPERIMENTS AND TAKE THE X-59

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THAT'S GOING TO BE FLOWN IN THE

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YEAR 2021 SO FOR THE FIRST TIME

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WE CAN GET REGULATIONS ON THE

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BOOKS IN THE UNITED STATES OF

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AMERICA THAT SAY YOU CAN FLY

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SUPER SONIC.

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THE X-59 IS GOING TO FLY AT MACH

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1.4 AT 55,000 FEET.

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WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO GO

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FROM ONE SIDE OF THE UNITED

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STATES TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE

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UNITED STATES IN A COUPLE OF

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HOURS INSTEAD OF FIVE OR SIX

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HOURS, DEPENDING ON THE WINDS.

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THIS IS TRANSFORMATIVE TO BE

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ABLE TO GET TO ONE SIDE OF THE

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COUNTRY FROM THE OTHER AND

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TRAVEL IN THE COUNTRY.

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JUST THAT MISSION IS THE X-57

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MAXWELL, THE FIRST ALL ELECTRIC

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TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT CAPABLE OF

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CARRYING PASSENGERS AND CARGO,

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ALL ELECTRIC.

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WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

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THAT MEANS WE CAN DRIVE DOWN THE

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COST OF TRANSPORTING PEOPLE AND

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CARGO FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

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BY UP TO AND EVEN IN SOME CASES

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OVER 60%.

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WELL, IF WE CAN DRIVE DOWN THE

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COST BY THAT AMOUNT, THAT MEANS

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WE'RE GOING TO HAVE POTENTIALLY

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COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS GOING TO MORE

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DESTINATIONS THAN EVER BEFORE.

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WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO SERVE

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COMMUNITIES WITH AIR TRAVEL THAT

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HISTORICALLY HAVE NOT BEEN

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SERVED WITH AIR TRAVEL.

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I WANT TO BE CLEAR, WE ARE NOT

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THERE YET.

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BUT THE X-57 MAXWELL IS THE TOOL

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BY WHICH WE WILL BE ABLE TO

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ACCOMPLISH THESE OBJECTIVES, AND

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DRIVING DOWN COST AND INCREASING

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ACCESS TO AIR TRAVEL IS THE WAY

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THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO

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INCREASE THE STANDARD OF LIVING

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FOR EVERY AMERICAN, AND THAT'S

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REALLY WHAT NASA IS ALL ABOUT,

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ELEVATING THE HUMAN CONDITION,

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AND THE X-57 IS A TOOL TO

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ACCOMPLISH THAT.

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ONE OTHER VERY EXCITING MISSION

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WITHIN THE AIR FORCE RESEARCH

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DIRECTORATE THAT I'M REALLY KIND

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OF INTRIGUED BY IS URBAN AIR

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MOBILITY.

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THE IDEA THAT YOU CAN FLY ON AN

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UNMANNED, I SHOULD SAY, UNCREWED

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CRAFT, NO PILOT, LET'S SAY THAT,

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FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CITY TO

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ANOTHER SIDE OF THE CITY JUST

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LIKE YOU WOULD DRIVE A CAR.

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NOW, AGAIN, WE'RE NOT THERE YET,

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BUT IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT, WE

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FIRST START WITH CARGO, AND

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THERE IS INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED

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STATES RIGHT NOW VERY EXCITED

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ABOUT THAT EVENTUALITY.

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WHY?

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BECAUSE IT WILL HELP THEM GET

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PACKAGES TO YOUR DOORSTEP FASTER

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AND MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN EVER

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BEFORE.

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ONCE WE DO THAT, THERE IS NO

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LIMIT TO WHAT WE CAN DO WITH

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HUMANS IN THE FUTURE.

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BUT TO DO THAT, WE HAVE TO

261
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INTEGRATE UNMANNED SYSTEMS INTO

262
00:12:29,165 --> 00:12:30,266
THE NATIONAL AIR SPACE SYSTEM.

263
00:12:30,266 --> 00:12:31,567
THAT'S NOT AN EASY FEAT.

264
00:12:31,567 --> 00:12:33,302
WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT DOING

265
00:12:33,302 --> 00:12:36,238
THAT IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS,

266
00:12:36,238 --> 00:12:37,139
THERE'S A WHOLE LEVEL OF SAFETY

267
00:12:37,139 --> 00:12:38,307
THAT HAS TO COME INTO PLAY.

268
00:12:38,307 --> 00:12:42,678
WHAT WE'RE DOING IS WORKING ON

269
00:12:42,678 --> 00:12:43,512
THOSE VERY CHALLENGING PROBLEMS

270
00:12:43,512 --> 00:12:45,181
SO THAT ONE DAY, WE'RE GOING TO

271
00:12:45,181 --> 00:12:47,216
BE ABLE TO DELIVER PACKAGES TO

272
00:12:47,216 --> 00:12:51,387
YOUR DOORSTEP IN A VEHICLE THAT

273
00:12:51,387 --> 00:12:53,322
FLIES IN THE SKY OVER POPULATED

274
00:12:53,322 --> 00:12:54,723
CENTERS MORE EFFICIENTLY AND

275
00:12:54,723 --> 00:12:57,259
EVEN FLY HUMANS FROM ONE SIDE OF

276
00:12:57,259 --> 00:12:58,461
THE CITY TO THE OTHER.

277
00:12:58,461 --> 00:13:01,163
SO THESE ARE ALL VERY EXCITED

278
00:13:01,163 --> 00:13:04,400
THINGS WITHIN THE AERONAUTICS

279
00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:05,468
MISSION DIRECTORATE, AND I

280
00:13:05,468 --> 00:13:07,236
WANTED TO MAKE SURE I STARTED

281
00:13:07,236 --> 00:13:10,840
THE SPEECH TODAY TALKING ABOUT

282
00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:11,607
THAT PART OF THE BUDGET BECAUSE

283
00:13:11,607 --> 00:13:13,142
AS A NAVY PILOT, I LIKE THE IDEA

284
00:13:13,142 --> 00:13:14,910
OF EVERYBODY BEING ABLE TO FLY

285
00:13:14,910 --> 00:13:16,445
SUPER SONIC AND OF COURSE

286
00:13:16,445 --> 00:13:18,214
EVERYBODY BEING ABLE TO FLY IN

287
00:13:18,214 --> 00:13:19,448
GENERAL AND EVENTUALLY EVERYBODY

288
00:13:19,448 --> 00:13:21,183
BEING ABLE TO FLY FROM ONE SIDE

289
00:13:21,183 --> 00:13:22,117
OF THE CITY TO ANOTHER SIDE OF

290
00:13:22,117 --> 00:13:22,651
THE CITY.

291
00:13:22,651 --> 00:13:26,722
SO LET'S TAKE IT UP A NOTCH FROM

292
00:13:26,722 --> 00:13:29,592
AERONAUTICS TO SPACE.

293
00:13:29,592 --> 00:13:32,094
WE HAVE SEEN WHAT HAPPENS WHEN

294
00:13:32,094 --> 00:13:36,899
WE AS NASA IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT,

295
00:13:36,899 --> 00:13:39,768
WE BECOME ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY

296
00:13:39,768 --> 00:13:41,637
CUSTOMERS IN A ROBUST COMMERCIAL

297
00:13:41,637 --> 00:13:44,974
MARKETPLACE IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

298
00:13:44,974 --> 00:13:49,211
WE JUST SAW A SPACEX CREW DRAGON

299
00:13:49,211 --> 00:13:53,449
DOCK WITH THE INTERNATIONAL

300
00:13:53,449 --> 00:13:55,351
SPACE STATION DELIVER FROM

301
00:13:55,351 --> 00:13:58,053
CARGO, A LITTLE EARTH HUMANOID,

302
00:13:58,053 --> 00:13:59,989
ULTIMATELY DO A LOT OF TESTS,

303
00:13:59,989 --> 00:14:02,124
UNDOCK, FLY HOME, AND LAND

304
00:14:02,124 --> 00:14:02,458
SAFELY.

305
00:14:02,458 --> 00:14:04,693
THAT IS A FIRST STEP IN A MUCH

306
00:14:04,693 --> 00:14:06,595
LONGER MISSION FOR NASA TO

307
00:14:06,595 --> 00:14:09,632
BECOME ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY

308
00:14:09,632 --> 00:14:11,534
CUSTOMERS IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT IN

309
00:14:11,534 --> 00:14:13,035
A ROBUST COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE.

310
00:14:13,035 --> 00:14:14,336
AND AT THE SAME TIME, HAVING

311
00:14:14,336 --> 00:14:16,372
NUMEROUS PROVIDERS THAT ARE

312
00:14:16,372 --> 00:14:19,041
COMPETING ON COST AND

313
00:14:19,041 --> 00:14:19,441
INNOVATION.

314
00:14:19,441 --> 00:14:20,409
WHY IS THAT SO IMPORTANT?

315
00:14:20,409 --> 00:14:22,177
BECAUSE WE NEED TO DRIVE DOWN

316
00:14:22,177 --> 00:14:24,013
COSTS, WE NEED TO INCREASE

317
00:14:24,013 --> 00:14:25,748
ACCESS, WE NEED TO MAKE SPACE

318
00:14:25,748 --> 00:14:27,116
FLIGHT MORE AVAILABLE TO MORE

319
00:14:27,116 --> 00:14:27,449
PEOPLE.

320
00:14:27,449 --> 00:14:29,018
THAT INCLUDES COMMERCIAL

321
00:14:29,018 --> 00:14:29,451
ACTIVITIES.

322
00:14:29,451 --> 00:14:30,519
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT

323
00:14:30,519 --> 00:14:32,087
MANUFACTURING, WE'RE TALKING

324
00:14:32,087 --> 00:14:33,722
ABOUT TOURISM, WE'RE TALKING

325
00:14:33,722 --> 00:14:37,593
ABOUT PHARMACEUTICALS, MAYBE

326
00:14:37,593 --> 00:14:37,993
FIBEROPTICS.

327
00:14:37,993 --> 00:14:40,362
WE NEED TO DEVELOP THAT VERY

328
00:14:40,362 --> 00:14:42,064
ROBUST COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE IN

329
00:14:42,064 --> 00:14:42,998
LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

330
00:14:42,998 --> 00:14:44,600
IT STARTS WITH CARGO.

331
00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:48,470
IT IS NOW STARTING TO GET TO THE

332
00:14:48,470 --> 00:14:50,439
POINT WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BE

333
00:14:50,439 --> 00:14:51,607
LAUNCHING CREW.

334
00:14:51,607 --> 00:14:53,409
BY THE WAY, WE'RE GOING TO DO

335
00:14:53,409 --> 00:15:01,116
THAT IN 2019.

336
00:15:01,116 --> 00:15:02,284
[Applause]

337
00:15:02,284 --> 00:15:04,620
>> AND EVENTUALLY, WE'RE GOING

338
00:15:04,620 --> 00:15:09,758
TO GET TO A DAY WHERE LOW-EARTH

339
00:15:09,758 --> 00:15:11,961
ORBIT IN HABITATION WILL BE

340
00:15:11,961 --> 00:15:12,361
GENERALIZED.

341
00:15:12,361 --> 00:15:14,163
IN OTHER WORDS, NASA WILL BE A

342
00:15:14,163 --> 00:15:15,864
CUSTOMER FOR MANY CUSTOMERS,

343
00:15:15,864 --> 00:15:18,467
COMPETING ON COST AND

344
00:15:18,467 --> 00:15:21,103
INNOVATION, NOT JUST FOR

345
00:15:21,103 --> 00:15:23,072
RESUPPLY, NOT JUST FOR CREW, BUT

346
00:15:23,072 --> 00:15:26,442
FOR SCIENCE, HABITATION,

347
00:15:26,442 --> 00:15:28,544
CAPABILITY, AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

348
00:15:28,544 --> 00:15:29,511
LET'S TALK ABOUT THAT.

349
00:15:29,511 --> 00:15:32,181
WHY DOES NASA WANT TO

350
00:15:32,181 --> 00:15:33,849
COMMERCIALIZE LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

351
00:15:33,849 --> 00:15:35,718
IT IS IN OUR INTERESTS TO TAKE

352
00:15:35,718 --> 00:15:38,520
ADVANTAGE OF MARKETPLACES WHERE

353
00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:39,722
THEY EXIST BECAUSE COST GOES

354
00:15:39,722 --> 00:15:41,941
DOWN, AND THEN WE CAN USE THE

355
00:15:41,941 --> 00:15:44,760
AMERICAN TAX DOLLARS, THE

356
00:15:44,760 --> 00:15:46,895
RESOURCES WE ARE GIVEN BY THE

357
00:15:46,895 --> 00:15:48,464
AMERICAN TAXPAYER TO GO FURTHER

358
00:15:48,464 --> 00:15:49,798
THAN WE'VE EVER DONE BEFORE.

359
00:15:49,798 --> 00:15:51,033
THAT'S WHAT WE DO.

360
00:15:51,033 --> 00:15:53,102
THE PRESIDENT HAS GIVEN US SPACE

361
00:15:53,102 --> 00:15:54,470
POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE WHICH SAYS

362
00:15:54,470 --> 00:15:56,038
GO BACK TO THE MOON, AND WE'RE

363
00:15:56,038 --> 00:15:58,507
GOING TO DO THAT IN SHORT ORDER,

364
00:15:58,507 --> 00:16:00,509
MAYBE EVEN IN 2019, BUT AT LEAST

365
00:16:00,509 --> 00:16:02,845
BY 2020 WITH COMMERCIAL LUNAR

366
00:16:02,845 --> 00:16:03,879
PAY LOAD SERVICES THAT ARE GOING

367
00:16:03,879 --> 00:16:06,115
TO BE FUNDED THROUGH THE SCIENCE

368
00:16:06,115 --> 00:16:07,716
MISSION DIRECTORATE, AND ALL OF

369
00:16:07,716 --> 00:16:08,984
THIS IS GOING TO BE POSSIBLE

370
00:16:08,984 --> 00:16:12,121
BECAUSE WE'RE LOOKING AT GOING

371
00:16:12,121 --> 00:16:12,421
FAST.

372
00:16:12,421 --> 00:16:15,424
THERE'S TWO THINGS WHEN WE TALK

373
00:16:15,424 --> 00:16:17,760
ABOUT COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAY LOAD

374
00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:18,827
SERVICES THAT ARE IMPORTANT.

375
00:16:18,827 --> 00:16:20,996
NUMBER ONE, IT'S COMMERCIAL.

376
00:16:20,996 --> 00:16:22,364
WE WANT COMPETITION ON BOTH COST

377
00:16:22,364 --> 00:16:24,133
AND INNOVATION.

378
00:16:24,133 --> 00:16:26,101
AND NUMBER TWO, IT'S GOING TO BE

379
00:16:26,101 --> 00:16:26,402
FAST.

380
00:16:26,402 --> 00:16:28,737
NASA IS NOT GOING TO BE THE LONG

381
00:16:28,737 --> 00:16:29,672
POLE IN THE TENT.

382
00:16:29,672 --> 00:16:31,740
NASA -- WE'VE ALREADY PROVIDED

383
00:16:31,740 --> 00:16:33,008
TEN DIFFERENT PAY LOADS THAT ARE

384
00:16:33,008 --> 00:16:34,376
READY TO GO TO THE MOON.

385
00:16:34,376 --> 00:16:36,078
AND VERY SOON, WE'RE GOING TO BE

386
00:16:36,078 --> 00:16:37,613
ISSUING CONTRACTS TO COMPANIES

387
00:16:37,613 --> 00:16:41,517
TO DELIVER THOSE PAY LOADS.

388
00:16:41,517 --> 00:16:42,184
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT SMALL

389
00:16:42,184 --> 00:16:45,454
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS TO THE

390
00:16:45,454 --> 00:16:46,622
SURFACE OF THE MOON.

391
00:16:46,622 --> 00:16:50,759
NOW IT'S NOT TALK ABOUT

392
00:16:50,759 --> 00:16:52,795
DELIVERING SCIENTIFIC

393
00:16:52,795 --> 00:16:53,929
INSTRUMENTS TO THE SURFACE OF

394
00:16:53,929 --> 00:16:57,633
THE MOON, IT'S ABOUT HAVING A

395
00:16:57,633 --> 00:16:58,834
SUSTAINABLE PRESENCE ON AND

396
00:16:58,834 --> 00:16:59,802
AROUND THE MOON.

397
00:16:59,802 --> 00:17:01,437
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT

398
00:17:01,437 --> 00:17:02,938
DIRECTIVE, WE NEED A PERMANENT

399
00:17:02,938 --> 00:17:04,840
COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE IN

400
00:17:04,840 --> 00:17:06,508
ORBIT AROUND THE MOON.

401
00:17:06,508 --> 00:17:08,544
WE CALL IT GATEWAY, AND THAT'S

402
00:17:08,544 --> 00:17:10,512
FULLY FUNDED IN THIS PRESIDENT'S

403
00:17:10,512 --> 00:17:21,623
BUDGET REQUEST.

404
00:17:21,623 --> 00:17:22,091
[Applause]

405
00:17:22,091 --> 00:17:24,893
>> I HEAR PEOPLE SOMETIMES SAY

406
00:17:24,893 --> 00:17:27,196
WELL, YOU KNOW, GATEWAY IS NOT A

407
00:17:27,196 --> 00:17:27,763
SPACE STATION.

408
00:17:27,763 --> 00:17:32,901
IT IS NOT, IT IS A COMMAND AND A

409
00:17:32,901 --> 00:17:34,470
SURFACE MODULE, BUT IT WILL HAVE

410
00:17:34,470 --> 00:17:35,671
THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE CREW.

411
00:17:35,671 --> 00:17:37,439
THE OTHER THING THAT'S IMPORTANT

412
00:17:37,439 --> 00:17:40,375
ABOUT GATEWAY IS IT'S GOING TO

413
00:17:40,375 --> 00:17:45,547
UTILIZE SOLAR ELECTRIC

414
00:17:45,547 --> 00:17:47,850
PROPULLTION TO BE MANEUVERABLE.

415
00:17:47,850 --> 00:17:50,919
WHEN WE GO BACK TO APOLLO, WE

416
00:17:50,919 --> 00:17:54,089
LANDED THREE ASTRONAUTS ON THE

417
00:17:54,089 --> 00:17:58,193
SURFACE OF THE MOON, 1961 TO

418
00:17:58,193 --> 00:17:58,494
1972.

419
00:17:58,494 --> 00:18:00,696
BECAUSE OF THAT, WE NEVER WENT

420
00:18:00,696 --> 00:18:01,797
TO THE POLES.

421
00:18:01,797 --> 00:18:05,084
WELL, THERE'S A LOT OF VALUABLE

422
00:18:05,084 --> 00:18:06,235
MATERIAL AT THE POLES, NAMELY,

423
00:18:06,235 --> 00:18:06,702
WATER ICE.

424
00:18:06,702 --> 00:18:09,204
WE DISCOVERED IT IN 2009 IN

425
00:18:09,204 --> 00:18:11,273
MASSIVE QUANTITIES, HUNDREDS OF

426
00:18:11,273 --> 00:18:14,409
MILLIONS OF TONS OF WATER ICE AT

427
00:18:14,409 --> 00:18:15,577
THE POLES OF THE MOON.

428
00:18:15,577 --> 00:18:16,779
WELL WHAT GATEWAY REPRESENTS IS

429
00:18:16,779 --> 00:18:18,113
NOT JUST AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO TO

430
00:18:18,113 --> 00:18:20,415
THE MOON OVER AND OVER AGAIN IN

431
00:18:20,415 --> 00:18:22,217
A SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE, BUT

432
00:18:22,217 --> 00:18:23,552
IT REPRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO

433
00:18:23,552 --> 00:18:25,621
GO TO MORE PARTS OF THE MOON

434
00:18:25,621 --> 00:18:26,421
THAN EVER BEFORE.

435
00:18:26,421 --> 00:18:29,391
OUR GOAL IS NOT JUST TO LAND IN

436
00:18:29,391 --> 00:18:31,794
ONE SPOT OF THE MOON AND LEARN A

437
00:18:31,794 --> 00:18:33,295
WHOLE LOT ABOUT ALL OF THE

438
00:18:33,295 --> 00:18:40,736
THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING IN ONE

439
00:18:40,736 --> 00:18:42,171
KILOMETER AROUND THAT ONE SPOT.

440
00:18:42,171 --> 00:18:43,739
WE'RE INTERESTED IN LEARNING

441
00:18:43,739 --> 00:18:45,240
ABOUT THE WHOLE MOON.

442
00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:48,210
GATEWAY IS GOING TO ALLOW US

443
00:18:48,210 --> 00:18:53,916
WITH THIS REUSABLE SERVICE

444
00:18:53,916 --> 00:18:59,988
MODULE, WITH THAT COMMAND

445
00:18:59,988 --> 00:19:01,223
SERVICE, IT'S ALSO GOING TO GO

446
00:19:01,223 --> 00:19:03,425
TO THE POLES OF THE MOON, IT CAN

447
00:19:03,425 --> 00:19:09,164
GO TO THE SOUTH, L-1 AND L-1,

448
00:19:09,164 --> 00:19:12,367
GIVER ROVERS AND HUMANS MORE

449
00:19:12,367 --> 00:19:13,836
ACCESS TO THE MOON THAN EVER

450
00:19:13,836 --> 00:19:14,169
BEFORE.

451
00:19:14,169 --> 00:19:15,904
WE DON'T WANT TO MISS ANYTHING.

452
00:19:15,904 --> 00:19:18,157
THERE'S A LOT TO LEARN, AND THIS

453
00:19:18,157 --> 00:19:19,308
IS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY.

454
00:19:19,308 --> 00:19:20,876
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT

455
00:19:20,876 --> 00:19:22,010
SUSTAINABILITY, WHAT DOES THAT

456
00:19:22,010 --> 00:19:22,311
MEAN?

457
00:19:22,311 --> 00:19:24,179
THAT MEANS WE'RE ABLE TO LAUNCH

458
00:19:24,179 --> 00:19:26,181
MASS PAY LOADS OFF THE SURFACE

459
00:19:26,181 --> 00:19:26,782
OF THE EARTH.

460
00:19:26,782 --> 00:19:34,790
WE NEED THE SLS, AND WE NEED THE

461
00:19:34,790 --> 00:19:36,692
ORION SERVICE MODULE.

462
00:19:36,692 --> 00:19:39,328
WHEN THE PRESIDENT SAYS GO TO

463
00:19:39,328 --> 00:19:43,699
THE MOON, AND HE SAYS GO

464
00:19:43,699 --> 00:19:44,433
SUSTAINABLY, IN OTHER WORDS,

465
00:19:44,433 --> 00:19:46,268
WHEN YOU GO THIS TIME, YOU NEED

466
00:19:46,268 --> 00:19:46,969
TO STAY.

467
00:19:46,969 --> 00:19:48,303
WHEN THE PRESIDENT SAYS THAT,

468
00:19:48,303 --> 00:19:49,404
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

469
00:19:49,404 --> 00:19:52,441
IT MEANS WE NEED REUSABLE.

470
00:19:52,441 --> 00:19:53,942
WE'VE SEEN WHAT HAPPENED IN LOW

471
00:19:53,942 --> 00:19:56,378
EARTH ORBITS, WHEN WE HAVE LOW

472
00:19:56,378 --> 00:19:59,882
USE ROCKETS.

473
00:19:59,882 --> 00:20:06,221
THE PRODUCTIBLITY GOES UP, AND

474
00:20:06,221 --> 00:20:10,209
THE COST GOES DOWN.

475
00:20:10,209 --> 00:20:12,794
EVERYTHING NEEDS TO BE REUSABLE

476
00:20:12,794 --> 00:20:14,563
BUILT INTO THE ARCHITECTURE, AND

477
00:20:14,563 --> 00:20:16,531
THAT'S REALLY WHAT SPACE POLICY

478
00:20:16,531 --> 00:20:18,400
DIRECTIVE ONE IS ALL ABOUT, A

479
00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:19,868
SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO THE MOON.

480
00:20:19,868 --> 00:20:22,638
BUT I HAVE HEARD CRITICISM THAT

481
00:20:22,638 --> 00:20:23,939
MAYBE WHEN WITH YOU TALK ABOUT

482
00:20:23,939 --> 00:20:26,508
SUSTAIN -- WE TALK ABOUT

483
00:20:26,508 --> 00:20:29,077
SUSTAINABLE AND REUSABLE, WHY DO

484
00:20:29,077 --> 00:20:34,249
WE BUILD SLS AND ORION?

485
00:20:34,249 --> 00:20:36,318
IT'S GOING TO HAVE A LOT OF

486
00:20:36,318 --> 00:20:39,388
COMPONENTS THAT ARE REUSABLE.

487
00:20:39,388 --> 00:20:43,525
WE'RE WORKING WITH OUR PARTNERS

488
00:20:43,525 --> 00:20:46,595
AT LOCKHEED MARTIN.

489
00:20:46,595 --> 00:20:48,931
WE COULD BE REUSING THE PRESSURE

490
00:20:48,931 --> 00:20:51,033
VESSEL OF ORION IN THE NEAR

491
00:20:51,033 --> 00:20:51,867
FUTURE.

492
00:20:51,867 --> 00:20:56,371
THAT'S GOING TO HELP US BUILD

493
00:20:56,371 --> 00:20:58,257
REUSABLITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

494
00:20:58,257 --> 00:20:58,740
INTO THE PROJECT.

495
00:20:58,740 --> 00:21:00,676
WHEN IT COMES TO SLS, AND ON

496
00:21:00,676 --> 00:21:02,477
THIS POINT, I WANT TO BE CRYSTAL

497
00:21:02,477 --> 00:21:03,412
CLEAR.

498
00:21:03,412 --> 00:21:07,816
SLS IS NOT REUSABLE, BUT IT IS A

499
00:21:07,816 --> 00:21:08,917
CRITICAL PIECE OF THE

500
00:21:08,917 --> 00:21:11,386
ARCHITECTURE THAT ENABLES US TO

501
00:21:11,386 --> 00:21:12,854
DELIVERY USABILITY TO THE MOON.

502
00:21:12,854 --> 00:21:14,589
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT LAUNCHING

503
00:21:14,589 --> 00:21:16,959
GATEWAY AND ORION AND THE

504
00:21:16,959 --> 00:21:18,060
EUROPEAN SERVICE MODULE.

505
00:21:18,060 --> 00:21:19,928
ALL OF THESE THINGS ARE PART OF

506
00:21:19,928 --> 00:21:21,496
A REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE.

507
00:21:21,496 --> 00:21:22,764
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A ROCKET

508
00:21:22,764 --> 00:21:25,233
THAT'S BIGGER THAN ANY ROCKET

509
00:21:25,233 --> 00:21:28,003
THAT'S EVER BEEN BUILT IN HUMAN

510
00:21:28,003 --> 00:21:31,707
HISTORY, WITH A PAY LOAD FAIRING

511
00:21:31,707 --> 00:21:35,410
CAPABLE OF CARRYING VOLUMES THAT

512
00:21:35,410 --> 00:21:40,916
WE'VE EVER SEEN BEFORE, TALLEN

513
00:21:40,916 --> 00:21:47,990
ER -- TALLER THAN THE STATUE OF

514
00:21:47,990 --> 00:21:48,957
LIBERTY.

515
00:21:48,957 --> 00:21:53,161
THIS IS A TRANSFORMATIONAL

516
00:21:53,161 --> 00:21:56,398
STRATEGIC CAPABLITY FOR THE

517
00:21:56,398 --> 00:22:01,570
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

518
00:22:01,570 --> 00:22:02,321
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

519
00:22:02,321 --> 00:22:04,106
COMMERCIAL CREW COMMERCIAL

520
00:22:04,106 --> 00:22:06,208
RESUPPLY AND COMMERCIAL SUPPLY

521
00:22:06,208 --> 00:22:10,979
FOR REHABITATION, ALL OF THIS IS

522
00:22:10,979 --> 00:22:11,713
VERY STRONG IN THE PRESIDENT'S

523
00:22:11,713 --> 00:22:13,081
BUDGET REQUEST, AND WE ARE

524
00:22:13,081 --> 00:22:16,651
THRILLED THAT HE IS BACKING IT

525
00:22:16,651 --> 00:22:22,391
UP NOT JUST WITH SPACE

526
00:22:22,391 --> 00:22:24,860
DIRECTORATIVE ONE, BUT WITH THE

527
00:22:24,860 --> 00:22:27,295
BUDGET, HE'S GOING TO BUILD UP

528
00:22:27,295 --> 00:22:30,532
SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO THE MOON.

529
00:22:30,532 --> 00:22:30,899
[Applause]

530
00:22:30,899 --> 00:22:32,200
>> ONE OTHER VERY EXCITING THING

531
00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:34,036
I NEED TO MAKE SURE EVERYBODY IS

532
00:22:34,036 --> 00:22:38,540
AWARE OF WHEN WE TALK ABOUT OUR

533
00:22:38,540 --> 00:22:39,608
MOON ACTIVITIES.

534
00:22:39,608 --> 00:22:42,244
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OVER TEN

535
00:22:42,244 --> 00:22:46,748
YEARS, WE HAVE MONEY IN THIS

536
00:22:46,748 --> 00:22:48,316
BUDGET FOR A RETURN TO THE MOON

537
00:22:48,316 --> 00:22:50,118
WITH HUMANS.

538
00:22:50,118 --> 00:22:56,658
I'M TALKING ABOUT HUMAN RATED

539
00:22:56,658 --> 00:22:57,392
LANDERS COMPATIBLE WITH GATEWAY

540
00:22:57,392 --> 00:22:58,093
THAT CAN GO BACK AND FORTH TO

541
00:22:58,093 --> 00:22:58,760
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.

542
00:22:58,760 --> 00:22:59,561
WE ARE FUNDING HUMAN RATED

543
00:22:59,561 --> 00:23:01,630
LANDERS TO GO TO THE MOON FOR

544
00:23:01,630 --> 00:23:16,478
THE FIRST TIME IN OVER TEN

545
00:23:16,478 --> 00:23:16,778
YEARS.

546
00:23:16,778 --> 00:23:17,145
[Applause]

547
00:23:17,145 --> 00:23:17,512
>> OKAY.

548
00:23:17,512 --> 00:23:19,247
SO WE HAVE A REALLY SPECIAL

549
00:23:19,247 --> 00:23:19,948
OPPORTUNITY.

550
00:23:19,948 --> 00:23:20,916
I'D LIKE TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW

551
00:23:20,916 --> 00:23:23,618
THAT WE'RE GOING TO GO LIVE FROM

552
00:23:23,618 --> 00:23:25,120
THE JOHNSON SPATE CENTER WHERE

553
00:23:25,120 --> 00:23:30,025
WE'RE GOING TO MEET ASTRONAUT

554
00:23:30,025 --> 00:23:32,227
KAREN NYEBERG.

555
00:23:32,227 --> 00:23:35,330
SHE'S GOING TO TAKE US ON A TOUR

556
00:23:35,330 --> 00:23:41,236
OF A MOCKUP THAT ASTRONAUTS WILL

557
00:23:41,236 --> 00:23:42,304
USE TO GO TO THE MOON.

558
00:23:42,304 --> 00:23:44,840
>> I'M HERE AT THE JOHNSON SPACE

559
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:46,007
CENTER INSIDE A TEST VERSION OF

560
00:23:46,007 --> 00:23:48,810
THE ORION CAPSULE.

561
00:23:48,810 --> 00:23:52,280
OVER AT KSC YOU OF COURSE ARE

562
00:23:52,280 --> 00:23:54,116
SEEING THE REAL HARDWARE, WHAT

563
00:23:54,116 --> 00:23:56,051
WE'RE GOING TO USE TO FLY CREWS

564
00:23:56,051 --> 00:23:59,621
TO SPACE, TO THE VICINITY OF THE

565
00:23:59,621 --> 00:24:01,523
MOON.

566
00:24:01,523 --> 00:24:06,228
THIS IS ACTUALLY A VOLUMETRIC

567
00:24:06,228 --> 00:24:08,063
MOCKUP, THE SAME SIZE WHAT YOU

568
00:24:08,063 --> 00:24:11,299
WOULD EXPECT THE ORION IS.

569
00:24:11,299 --> 00:24:13,401
YOU REALLY GET A SENSE WHEN

570
00:24:13,401 --> 00:24:15,103
YOU'RE SITTING IN HERE, WHEN YOU

571
00:24:15,103 --> 00:24:16,455
GET INSIDE, WHAT IT'S GOING TO

572
00:24:16,455 --> 00:24:18,206
BE LIKE FOR THE CREW WHEN WE

573
00:24:18,206 --> 00:24:20,375
ACTUALLY START TAKING IT TO THE

574
00:24:20,375 --> 00:24:23,111
VICINITY OF THE MOON.

575
00:24:23,111 --> 00:24:23,812
I'M SITTING HERE NEXT TO THE

576
00:24:23,812 --> 00:24:24,312
COMMANDER SEAT.

577
00:24:24,312 --> 00:24:25,413
THE COMMANDER WOULD BE SITTING

578
00:24:25,413 --> 00:24:27,716
HERE TO MY LEFT, AND IN FRONT OF

579
00:24:27,716 --> 00:24:30,919
US ARE THE DISPLAYS.

580
00:24:30,919 --> 00:24:32,087
WE HAVE THREE SCREENS WE CAN

581
00:24:32,087 --> 00:24:34,022
SWITCH, DEPENDING ON WHAT PHASE

582
00:24:34,022 --> 00:24:35,357
OF FLIGHT WE'RE IN.

583
00:24:35,357 --> 00:24:39,161
HERE WE MONITOR ALL OF OUR

584
00:24:39,161 --> 00:24:42,864
SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS, PROP,

585
00:24:42,864 --> 00:24:43,365
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

586
00:24:43,365 --> 00:24:50,672
WE CAN MONITOR OUR POSITION IN

587
00:24:50,672 --> 00:24:52,607
SPACE AND OUR TRAJECTORIES.

588
00:24:52,607 --> 00:24:56,311
HERE IS A WINDOW, WHICH I THINK

589
00:24:56,311 --> 00:24:58,547
IS A KEY COMPONENT FOR ANYTHING

590
00:24:58,547 --> 00:24:59,814
THAT'S GOING TO CARRY PEOPLE,

591
00:24:59,814 --> 00:25:02,717
AND I'M SURE THIS IS GOING TO

592
00:25:02,717 --> 00:25:04,019
PROVIDE A GREAT VIEW OF THE MOON

593
00:25:04,019 --> 00:25:05,453
FOR PEOPLE THAT ARE GETTING

594
00:25:05,453 --> 00:25:06,221
NEAR.

595
00:25:06,221 --> 00:25:10,025
IT'S A GREAT TIME FOR NASA NOW.

596
00:25:10,025 --> 00:25:12,694
NOT ONLY ARE WE BUILDING ORION

597
00:25:12,694 --> 00:25:15,363
AND SLS, BUT WE'RE CONTINUING TO

598
00:25:15,363 --> 00:25:17,365
LIVE ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL

599
00:25:17,365 --> 00:25:18,166
SPACE STATION FOR INVESTIGATORS

600
00:25:18,166 --> 00:25:19,568
ALL OVER THE WORLD.

601
00:25:19,568 --> 00:25:21,203
WE'RE ALSO DEMONSTRATING SOME

602
00:25:21,203 --> 00:25:22,237
HARDWARE ON THE SPACE STATION

603
00:25:22,237 --> 00:25:24,873
AND OF COURSE FOSTERING THE

604
00:25:24,873 --> 00:25:25,607
COMMERCIAL PARTICIPATION IN

605
00:25:25,607 --> 00:25:26,875
SPACE TRAVEL.

606
00:25:26,875 --> 00:25:28,176
AND AT THE SAME TIME GETTING

607
00:25:28,176 --> 00:25:30,579
READY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF

608
00:25:30,579 --> 00:25:31,947
GATEWAY AND THE LUNAR LANDERS

609
00:25:31,947 --> 00:25:36,251
AND ALL OF THE SCIENCE PAY LOADS

610
00:25:36,251 --> 00:25:36,985
THAT ARE REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH

611
00:25:36,985 --> 00:25:37,719
THAT -- THAT PRESENCE THERE.

612
00:25:37,719 --> 00:25:39,354
IT'S REALLY, REALLY EXCITING FOR

613
00:25:39,354 --> 00:25:40,555
ALL OF US.

614
00:25:40,555 --> 00:25:43,992
I HAVE WITH ME HERE -- TO SHOW

615
00:25:43,992 --> 00:25:47,362
THIS IS A LUNAR SAMPLE THAT WAS

616
00:25:47,362 --> 00:25:49,831
ACTUALLY BROUGHT BACK FROM ONE

617
00:25:49,831 --> 00:25:52,367
OF THE APOLLO MISSIONS, AND THIS

618
00:25:52,367 --> 00:25:53,969
ONE ACTUALLY FLEW ON A SPACE

619
00:25:53,969 --> 00:25:55,170
SHUTTLE TO THE SPACE STATION.

620
00:25:55,170 --> 00:25:58,106
WE'RE REALLY EXCITED AS CREW TO

621
00:25:58,106 --> 00:25:59,908
BRING BACK SAMPLES LIKE THIS FOR

622
00:25:59,908 --> 00:26:01,076
SCIENTISTS TO STUDY AGAIN.

623
00:26:01,076 --> 00:26:04,579
AND EVENTUALLY, SAMPLES FROM

624
00:26:04,579 --> 00:26:04,879
MARS.

625
00:26:04,879 --> 00:26:08,316
BACK TO YOU, ADMINISTRATOR

626
00:26:08,316 --> 00:26:08,717
BRIDENSTINE.

627
00:26:08,717 --> 00:26:10,118
>> WELL, KAREN, THANK YOU FOR

628
00:26:10,118 --> 00:26:11,753
THAT BRIEF AND THAT UPDATE.

629
00:26:11,753 --> 00:26:13,588
CAN YOU SHARE WITH US AS AN

630
00:26:13,588 --> 00:26:15,323
ASTRONAUT, AND I KNOW YOU'RE

631
00:26:15,323 --> 00:26:18,226
WORKING WITH THE ASTRONAUT CORPS

632
00:26:18,226 --> 00:26:24,132
ALL THE TIME, WITH ALL OF THESE

633
00:26:24,132 --> 00:26:24,799
DEVELOPMENTS UNDERWAY AND

634
00:26:24,799 --> 00:26:26,801
TESTING -- OF COURSE WE'VE GOT

635
00:26:26,801 --> 00:26:28,737
THE DRAGON, THE STAR LINER, AND

636
00:26:28,737 --> 00:26:35,644
NOW WE'VE GOT ORION, DO THE

637
00:26:35,644 --> 00:26:39,247
ASTRONAUTS FLY -- FIGHT OVER

638
00:26:39,247 --> 00:26:40,982
WHO'S GOING TO FLY WHICH

639
00:26:40,982 --> 00:26:41,349
VEHICLE?

640
00:26:41,349 --> 00:26:43,785
>> I THINK EVERYBODY HAS IN

641
00:26:43,785 --> 00:26:46,855
THEIR MIND THAT THEY WANT TO FLY

642
00:26:46,855 --> 00:26:47,222
SOMETHING.

643
00:26:47,222 --> 00:26:50,759
I THINK WE'RE IN A UNIQUE

644
00:26:50,759 --> 00:26:51,893
POSITION THAT WE CAN SUPPLY

645
00:26:51,893 --> 00:26:53,028
SOMETHING, AND I THINK EVERYONE

646
00:26:53,028 --> 00:26:55,297
IS JUST HAPPY TO GET A FLIGHT

647
00:26:55,297 --> 00:26:55,697
ASSIGNMENT.

648
00:26:55,697 --> 00:26:56,831
>> WELL, KAREN, THANK YOU FOR

649
00:26:56,831 --> 00:26:57,299
THAT.

650
00:26:57,299 --> 00:26:59,334
I'M GOING TO TALK JUST FOR A

651
00:26:59,334 --> 00:27:00,619
SECOND ABOUT THAT LUNAR SAMPLE

652
00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:02,237
THAT YOU HAVE IN YOUR HAND.

653
00:27:02,237 --> 00:27:04,172
WE HAVE A SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

654
00:27:04,172 --> 00:27:05,073
TODAY.

655
00:27:05,073 --> 00:27:07,575
WE HAVE THREE LUNAR SAMPLES THAT

656
00:27:07,575 --> 00:27:09,311
HAVE COME BACK FROM THE MOON

657
00:27:09,311 --> 00:27:11,546
THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN OPENED.

658
00:27:11,546 --> 00:27:13,048
WE'RE GOING BACK TO OUR MISSIONS

659
00:27:13,048 --> 00:27:16,351
FROM 1969 TO 1972, THREE MISSION

660
00:27:16,351 --> 00:27:17,686
SAMPLES THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN

661
00:27:17,686 --> 00:27:18,119
OPENED.

662
00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:19,888
AND IN THIS PARTICULAR BUDGET

663
00:27:19,888 --> 00:27:22,857
AND THIS PARTICULAR YEAR, WE ARE

664
00:27:22,857 --> 00:27:24,426
VERY MUCH LOOKING FORWARD TO

665
00:27:24,426 --> 00:27:27,028
CONTRACTING WITH NINE DIFFERENT

666
00:27:27,028 --> 00:27:27,929
COMPANIES TO HAVE THE

667
00:27:27,929 --> 00:27:29,397
OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE

668
00:27:29,397 --> 00:27:31,700
TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE TODAY TO

669
00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:34,302
STUDY THOSE VERY PRISTINE

670
00:27:34,302 --> 00:27:35,603
SIMPLES THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN

671
00:27:35,603 --> 00:27:35,937
OPENED.

672
00:27:35,937 --> 00:27:38,707
NOW I WANT TO BE CLEAR.

673
00:27:38,707 --> 00:27:40,342
HERE'S A CRITICALLY IMPORTANT

674
00:27:40,342 --> 00:27:41,476
PIECE OF KNOWLEDGE THAT WE NEED

675
00:27:41,476 --> 00:27:42,143
TO UNDER.

676
00:27:42,143 --> 00:27:44,012
WHEN THE PREVIOUS GENERATIONS

677
00:27:44,012 --> 00:27:46,014
DID APOLLO, THEY KNEW THAT THE

678
00:27:46,014 --> 00:27:48,216
TECHNOLOGY THAT THEY HAD IN THAT

679
00:27:48,216 --> 00:27:49,884
DAY WAS NOT THE TECHNOLOGY THAT

680
00:27:49,884 --> 00:27:52,487
WE WOULD HAVE IN THIS DAY, SO

681
00:27:52,487 --> 00:27:53,955
THEY MADE A DETERMINATION THAT

682
00:27:53,955 --> 00:27:57,092
THEY WERE GOING TO PRESERVE

683
00:27:57,092 --> 00:27:58,259
SAMPLES BECAUSE THEY KNEW THERE

684
00:27:58,259 --> 00:27:59,794
WOULD BE A DAY WHEN BETTER

685
00:27:59,794 --> 00:28:01,296
TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE ABLE TO

686
00:28:01,296 --> 00:28:03,865
BETTER ASSESS ALL OF THE

687
00:28:03,865 --> 00:28:05,066
DIFFERENT -- THE HISTORY OF THE

688
00:28:05,066 --> 00:28:06,768
MOON FROM ULTIMATELY THE

689
00:28:06,768 --> 00:28:07,802
TECHNOLOGY THAT WE HAVE TODAY.

690
00:28:07,802 --> 00:28:10,305
SO TODAY, WE HAVE THIS VERY

691
00:28:10,305 --> 00:28:12,574
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT THAT WE

692
00:28:12,574 --> 00:28:14,876
HAVE NINE TEAMS THAT WILL BE

693
00:28:14,876 --> 00:28:16,444
EXAMINING NINE UNOPENED SAMPLES

694
00:28:16,444 --> 00:28:17,746
THAT HAVE COME BACK FROM THE

695
00:28:17,746 --> 00:28:20,415
MOON, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE CAN DO

696
00:28:20,415 --> 00:28:21,649
THAT BECAUSE THERE ARE MORE

697
00:28:21,649 --> 00:28:23,551
LUNAR SAMPLES ON THE HORIZON

698
00:28:23,551 --> 00:28:26,621
WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO

699
00:28:26,621 --> 00:28:28,056
LEARN MORE ABOUT WE'VE EVER

700
00:28:28,056 --> 00:28:29,124
LEARNED ABOUT THE MOON BEFORE.

701
00:28:29,124 --> 00:28:31,726
SO I'D LIKE TO THANK, IF IT'S

702
00:28:31,726 --> 00:28:34,462
OKAY, THE APOLLO GENERATION FOR

703
00:28:34,462 --> 00:28:44,773
PRESERVING THESE SAMPLES --

704
00:28:44,773 --> 00:28:45,140
[Applause]

705
00:28:45,140 --> 00:28:46,841
>> -- SO THAT OUR GENERATION

706
00:28:46,841 --> 00:28:50,278
COULD HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY.

707
00:28:50,278 --> 00:28:51,179
KAREN, THANK YOU FOR YOUR

708
00:28:51,179 --> 00:28:53,181
GREAT -- GREAT FEEDBACK ON

709
00:28:53,181 --> 00:28:55,316
WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE AT THE

710
00:28:55,316 --> 00:28:56,050
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.

711
00:28:56,050 --> 00:28:57,986
I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND --

712
00:28:57,986 --> 00:29:06,628
OH, YES, PLEASE.

713
00:29:06,628 --> 00:29:06,995
[Applause]

714
00:29:06,995 --> 00:29:08,747
>> I WANT TO TALK FOR A SECOND

715
00:29:08,747 --> 00:29:11,266
ABOUT THE GATEWAY.

716
00:29:11,266 --> 00:29:13,752
ONE OF THE VALUABLE CAPABILITIES

717
00:29:13,752 --> 00:29:15,637
THAT THE GATEWAY IS GOING TO

718
00:29:15,637 --> 00:29:21,576
BRING IS A PLUS UP IN SOLAR

719
00:29:21,576 --> 00:29:23,445
ELECTRIC PROPULLTION.

720
00:29:23,445 --> 00:29:26,648
NOW, THE GATEWAY IS NOT AN

721
00:29:26,648 --> 00:29:27,515
ELECTRIC SPACE STATION.

722
00:29:27,515 --> 00:29:28,716
WE WANT IT TO BE MANEUVER AROUND

723
00:29:28,716 --> 00:29:31,953
TO GO TO ALL PARTS OF THE MOON.

724
00:29:31,953 --> 00:29:32,654
AND IN ORDER TO DO THAT, CAN

725
00:29:32,654 --> 00:29:34,956
CAN'T GROW TOO BIG.

726
00:29:34,956 --> 00:29:40,128
THE MASS CAN'T BE TOO BIG, SO WE

727
00:29:40,128 --> 00:29:43,782
CAN USE SOLAR PROPULSION, TO BE

728
00:29:43,782 --> 00:29:46,568
ABLE TO GO AGAIN TO THE POLES,

729
00:29:46,568 --> 00:29:47,936
BOTH THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH

730
00:29:47,936 --> 00:29:50,205
POLE OF THE MOON.

731
00:29:50,205 --> 00:29:54,075
COULD WE BRING UP A PICTURE OF

732
00:29:54,075 --> 00:29:55,510
THE GATEWAY?

733
00:29:55,510 --> 00:29:57,412
SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE

734
00:29:57,412 --> 00:29:59,180
GATEWAY, I JUST WANT TO SHOW

735
00:29:59,180 --> 00:30:02,717
YOU -- THIS IS KIND OF AN

736
00:30:02,717 --> 00:30:03,852
ASPIRATIONAL VISION OF THE

737
00:30:03,852 --> 00:30:04,686
GATEWAY.

738
00:30:04,686 --> 00:30:06,120
THIS IS NOT WHAT IT IS TODAY,

739
00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:07,388
THIS IS ASPIRATIONAL.

740
00:30:07,388 --> 00:30:08,923
I CAN TELL YOU JUST THIS

741
00:30:08,923 --> 00:30:10,525
MORNING, I GOT OFF THE PHONE

742
00:30:10,525 --> 00:30:12,927
WITH ALL OF OUR PARTNERS ON THE

743
00:30:12,927 --> 00:30:14,929
I.S.S. AND OTHERS, AND THEY ARE

744
00:30:14,929 --> 00:30:16,965
VERY EXCITED ABOUT PARTNERING

745
00:30:16,965 --> 00:30:20,935
WITH US ONGOING TO THE MOON.

746
00:30:20,935 --> 00:30:24,072
COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO, WE

747
00:30:24,072 --> 00:30:26,140
ANNOUNCED THAT CANADA IS

748
00:30:26,140 --> 00:30:28,710
PARTNERING WITH US ON THE CREW

749
00:30:28,710 --> 00:30:31,913
THAT'S GOING TO THE MOON ON THE

750
00:30:31,913 --> 00:30:32,714
GATEWAY.

751
00:30:32,714 --> 00:30:34,749
NOW, THAT'S NOT GOING TO BE

752
00:30:34,749 --> 00:30:37,519
MANNED 24-7, SO ROBOTICS IS

753
00:30:37,519 --> 00:30:39,587
GOING TO BE A BIG PIECE OF IT.

754
00:30:39,587 --> 00:30:44,192
OF COURSE CANADA COMING ON FOR

755
00:30:44,192 --> 00:30:46,895
THE GATEWAY, WE'RE VERY EXCITED,

756
00:30:46,895 --> 00:30:48,463
AND WE HAVE OTHER AGENCIES

757
00:30:48,463 --> 00:30:50,398
AROUND THE WORLD EXCITED ABOUT

758
00:30:50,398 --> 00:30:52,000
PARTNERING WITH GATEWAY.

759
00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:53,535
HERE'S WHY IT'S IMPORTANT.

760
00:30:53,535 --> 00:30:55,003
NASA IS VERY UNIQUE IN ALL OF

761
00:30:55,003 --> 00:30:55,937
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

762
00:30:55,937 --> 00:30:57,405
WE'RE ABLE TO HAVE PARTNERSHIPS

763
00:30:57,405 --> 00:30:58,973
WITH COUNTRIES THAT IN SOME

764
00:30:58,973 --> 00:31:00,308
CASES WE WOULDN'T NORMALLY BE

765
00:31:00,308 --> 00:31:01,276
ABLE TO PARTNER WITH.

766
00:31:01,276 --> 00:31:05,864
YOU CAN SEE ON THIS ROSCOSMOS.

767
00:31:05,864 --> 00:31:07,415
THE RELATIONSHIP WITH UNITED

768
00:31:07,415 --> 00:31:14,188
STATES AND RUSSIA IS STRAINED

769
00:31:14,188 --> 00:31:15,874
TERRESTRIALLY.

770
00:31:15,874 --> 00:31:19,661
BUT SINCE THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD

771
00:31:19,661 --> 00:31:22,797
WAR, WE'VE PARTNERED WITH

772
00:31:22,797 --> 00:31:23,131
RUSSIA.

773
00:31:23,131 --> 00:31:30,572
THE SOYUZ PROGRAM, THE MIR

774
00:31:30,572 --> 00:31:34,809
SHUTTLE PROGRAM, AND THE

775
00:31:34,809 --> 00:31:35,476
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

776
00:31:35,476 --> 00:31:37,912
BUT IT'S NOT JUST WITH THEM,

777
00:31:37,912 --> 00:31:40,181
IT'S THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY,

778
00:31:40,181 --> 00:31:41,950
IT'S THE JAPANESE SPACE AGENCY.

779
00:31:41,950 --> 00:31:45,320
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE GATEWAY,

780
00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:48,056
IT'S NOT THE END STATE, IT'S A

781
00:31:48,056 --> 00:31:48,389
PIECE.

782
00:31:48,389 --> 00:31:51,192
THE END STATE IS ALL OF THE

783
00:31:51,192 --> 00:31:51,492
ABOVE.

784
00:31:51,492 --> 00:31:59,300
ACCESS TO SPACE, NOT JUST LOW

785
00:31:59,300 --> 00:31:59,918
EARTH, BUT DEEP SPACE.

786
00:31:59,918 --> 00:32:01,302
THE GATEWAY.

787
00:32:01,302 --> 00:32:07,075
WHICH IS THIS COMMAND AND

788
00:32:07,075 --> 00:32:08,009
REUSABLE VEHICLE THAT CAN GO TO

789
00:32:08,009 --> 00:32:11,079
THE MOON, THAT CAN TAKE HUMANS

790
00:32:11,079 --> 00:32:12,847
BACK AND FORTH TO THE SURFACE OF

791
00:32:12,847 --> 00:32:15,316
THE MOON REUSABLELY, BUT ALSO

792
00:32:15,316 --> 00:32:17,251
LANDERS AND ROVERS.

793
00:32:17,251 --> 00:32:18,753
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THIS

794
00:32:18,753 --> 00:32:21,155
ARCHITECTURE IN THE FUTURE, WE

795
00:32:21,155 --> 00:32:22,457
DON'T WANT TO CONSTRAIN

796
00:32:22,457 --> 00:32:23,958
OURSELVES TO THE TRADITIONAL

797
00:32:23,958 --> 00:32:24,943
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

798
00:32:24,943 --> 00:32:26,127
PARTNERS, THEY ARE GOING TO BE

799
00:32:26,127 --> 00:32:28,429
WITH US, AND WE ARE THRILLED TO

800
00:32:28,429 --> 00:32:29,948
HAVE THEIR SUPPORT.

801
00:32:29,948 --> 00:32:31,232
BUT THERE ARE MORE SPACE

802
00:32:31,232 --> 00:32:32,867
AGENCIES ALL-AROUND THE WORLD

803
00:32:32,867 --> 00:32:33,968
THAN EVER BEFORE IN HUMAN

804
00:32:33,968 --> 00:32:34,302
HISTORY.

805
00:32:34,302 --> 00:32:35,303
AND OF COURSE AS WE ARE NOW

806
00:32:35,303 --> 00:32:37,572
STARTING TO SEE IN A MORE ROBUST

807
00:32:37,572 --> 00:32:39,607
WAY, WE HAVE COMMERCIAL PARTNERS

808
00:32:39,607 --> 00:32:41,175
THAT ARE BRINGING CAPABLITY TO

809
00:32:41,175 --> 00:32:42,243
US, AS WELL.

810
00:32:42,243 --> 00:32:43,578
SO THIS IS JUST A SNAPSHOT OF

811
00:32:43,578 --> 00:32:44,679
THE FUTURE.

812
00:32:44,679 --> 00:32:45,913
IT'S NOT WHERE IT IS RIGHT NOW,

813
00:32:45,913 --> 00:32:47,882
BUT I BELIEVE IN THE FUTURE,

814
00:32:47,882 --> 00:32:49,450
IT'LL LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THIS.

815
00:32:49,450 --> 00:32:50,351
AND IN ORDER TO TALK MORE ABOUT

816
00:32:50,351 --> 00:32:56,624
THE GATEWAY, I'D LIKE TO GO TO

817
00:32:56,624 --> 00:32:59,494
THE GLENN RESEARCH CENTER, WE WE

818
00:32:59,494 --> 00:33:02,930
HAVE DEB WATERS AND DAVE

819
00:33:02,930 --> 00:33:03,297
JACOBSON.

820
00:33:03,297 --> 00:33:09,237
DAVE IS THE CHIEF OF ELECTRIC

821
00:33:09,237 --> 00:33:10,571
PROPULSION OPERATIONS, AND DEB

822
00:33:10,571 --> 00:33:12,991
IS A MANAGER THERE AT GLENN.

823
00:33:12,991 --> 00:33:14,475
I'D LIKE YOU TO SHARE WITH US

824
00:33:14,475 --> 00:33:16,210
FOR A FEW MINUTES WITH WHAT'S

825
00:33:16,210 --> 00:33:19,881
HAPPENING WITH SOLAR ELECTRIC

826
00:33:19,881 --> 00:33:20,281
PROPULSION.

827
00:33:20,281 --> 00:33:20,748
>> HI.

828
00:33:20,748 --> 00:33:23,718
I'M STANDING HERE IN THE HIGH

829
00:33:23,718 --> 00:33:27,655
BAY OF THE SOLAR AND ELECTRIC

830
00:33:27,655 --> 00:33:29,857
PROPULSION LABORATORY WHERE

831
00:33:29,857 --> 00:33:30,758
WE'RE DEVELOPING PECULIAR NOLG

832
00:33:30,758 --> 00:33:32,493
THAT WILL TAKE US TO THE MOON.

833
00:33:32,493 --> 00:33:35,530
WE'VE BEEN CONDUCTING RESEARCH,

834
00:33:35,530 --> 00:33:36,731
DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL

835
00:33:36,731 --> 00:33:38,633
TESTING IN OUR FACILITIES FOR

836
00:33:38,633 --> 00:33:39,534
OVER 60 YEARS.

837
00:33:39,534 --> 00:33:41,335
RIGHT NOW, WE'RE GETTING READY

838
00:33:41,335 --> 00:33:43,771
TO TEST A TYPE OF SYSTEM THAT

839
00:33:43,771 --> 00:33:48,109
WILL TAKE US FORWARD WITH THE

840
00:33:48,109 --> 00:33:49,811
GATEWAY, THE NEW SPACE CRAFT

841
00:33:49,811 --> 00:33:52,613
THAT WILL BE IN ORBIT AROUND THE

842
00:33:52,613 --> 00:33:52,914
MOON.

843
00:33:52,914 --> 00:33:55,783
MY COLLEAGUE DAVE HERE IS AN

844
00:33:55,783 --> 00:33:58,453
EXPERT IN ELECTRIC PROPULSION.

845
00:33:58,453 --> 00:34:03,041
>> A TEAM HERE AT GLENN'S

846
00:34:03,041 --> 00:34:06,494
RESEARCH CENTER IS WORKING WITH

847
00:34:06,494 --> 00:34:09,564
PARTNERS AT THE JET PROPULSION

848
00:34:09,564 --> 00:34:09,964
LABORATORY.

849
00:34:09,964 --> 00:34:10,998
THE INTENDED APPLICATION FOR

850
00:34:10,998 --> 00:34:12,266
THIS TECHNOLOGY IS THE GATEWAY

851
00:34:12,266 --> 00:34:13,634
THAT DEB AND OTHERS HAVE

852
00:34:13,634 --> 00:34:14,602
REFERRED TO TODAY.

853
00:34:14,602 --> 00:34:17,238
THE GATEWAY WILL ENABLE CREW TO

854
00:34:17,238 --> 00:34:19,173
LIVE AND WORK IN DEEP SPACE FOR

855
00:34:19,173 --> 00:34:22,110
MONTHS AT A TIME AND SERVE AS AN

856
00:34:22,110 --> 00:34:23,444
OUTPOST FOR HUMAN MISSIONS TO

857
00:34:23,444 --> 00:34:25,813
THE LUNAR SERVICE.

858
00:34:25,813 --> 00:34:31,185
THE POWER AND PROPULSION WILL BE

859
00:34:31,185 --> 00:34:33,387
THE FIRST PART OF THE GATEWAY.

860
00:34:33,387 --> 00:34:35,656
GATEWAY WILL UTILIZE SOLAR

861
00:34:35,656 --> 00:34:40,928
ELECTRIC PROPULSION TO MAINTAIN

862
00:34:40,928 --> 00:34:43,631
ITS POSITION AND MAINTAIN

863
00:34:43,631 --> 00:34:54,942
BETWEEN LUNAR ORBITS.

864
00:34:54,942 --> 00:35:02,316
A HALL THRUSTER IONIZES IN AND

865
00:35:02,316 --> 00:35:05,553
OUT -- THE POWER PROCESSES UNIT

866
00:35:05,553 --> 00:35:07,522
TAKES POWER FROM THE SOLAR ARRAY

867
00:35:07,522 --> 00:35:09,190
AND IT CONVERTS IT TO THE

868
00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:11,159
CURRENTS AND VOTAGES NECESSARY

869
00:35:11,159 --> 00:35:15,129
TO OPERATE THE THRUSTER.

870
00:35:15,129 --> 00:35:24,438
TODAY WE'RE PREPARING TO TEST A

871
00:35:24,438 --> 00:35:25,506
PROPULSION THAT IS VERY

872
00:35:25,506 --> 00:35:26,941
IMPORTANT FOR GATEWAY.

873
00:35:26,941 --> 00:35:28,409
LET'S GO INSIDE THE VACUUM

874
00:35:28,409 --> 00:35:30,128
CHAMBER NOW WITH DEB.

875
00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:33,214
>> RIGHT NOW, WE'RE INSIDE THE

876
00:35:33,214 --> 00:35:33,481
F-6.

877
00:35:33,481 --> 00:35:36,050
THIS IS ACTUALLY THE LARGEST

878
00:35:36,050 --> 00:35:38,352
CHAMBER AT LEWIS FIELD VACUUM

879
00:35:38,352 --> 00:35:40,988
CHAMBER AT LEWIS FIELD.

880
00:35:40,988 --> 00:35:45,726
BEHIND ME IS A THRUSTER.

881
00:35:45,726 --> 00:35:48,095
AROUND IT IS A THERMAL SHROUD.

882
00:35:48,095 --> 00:35:51,149
WE'RE GOING TO BE WORKING ON THE

883
00:35:51,149 --> 00:35:53,301
VARIOUS PROBES BEFORE THE FLIGHT

884
00:35:53,301 --> 00:35:54,669
MODEL COMES SOMETIME IN MAY.

885
00:35:54,669 --> 00:35:58,840
BEFORE WE CAN RUN THE THRUSTER,

886
00:35:58,840 --> 00:36:04,378
WE HAVE TO BUTTON UP OUR

887
00:36:04,378 --> 00:36:06,164
FACILITY AND VACUUM OUT THE AIR.

888
00:36:06,164 --> 00:36:07,882
THE CHAMBER WALLS CAN BE

889
00:36:07,882 --> 00:36:11,419
ACTUALLY CHILLED DOWN TO -320°

890
00:36:11,419 --> 00:36:14,055
FAHRENHEIT, AND YOU CAN SEE THAT

891
00:36:14,055 --> 00:36:16,657
THE CHAMBER'S ACTUALLY LINED IN

892
00:36:16,657 --> 00:36:17,024
GRAPHITE.

893
00:36:17,024 --> 00:36:18,893
THE REASON FOR THAT IS IT'S AN

894
00:36:18,893 --> 00:36:23,965
ELECTRIC PROPULSION CHAMBER.

895
00:36:23,965 --> 00:36:26,300
THE GRAPHITE MINIMIZES THE

896
00:36:26,300 --> 00:36:28,002
DAMAGE DONE TO THE CHAMBER AS

897
00:36:28,002 --> 00:36:30,338
WELL AS THAT CHAMBER MATERIAL

898
00:36:30,338 --> 00:36:33,975
COMING BACK AND LANDING ON THE

899
00:36:33,975 --> 00:36:38,512
THRUSTER ITSELF, SO IT MINIMIZES

900
00:36:38,512 --> 00:36:41,749
THE DAMAGE DONE.

901
00:36:41,749 --> 00:36:43,201
IN ORDER TO CREATE A SPACE

902
00:36:43,201 --> 00:36:44,585
ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS THIS, WE TRY

903
00:36:44,585 --> 00:36:48,222
TO DO ALL THE THINGS TO THE

904
00:36:48,222 --> 00:36:49,457
FACILITY TO CREATE THE

905
00:36:49,457 --> 00:36:50,725
ENVIRONMENT THAT YOU WOULD SEE

906
00:36:50,725 --> 00:36:53,060
ON THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND.

907
00:36:53,060 --> 00:36:56,397
THIS IS JUST ONE OF 26 SPACE

908
00:36:56,397 --> 00:36:57,999
FACILITY CHAMBERS WE HAVE HERE

909
00:36:57,999 --> 00:37:03,137
AT GLENN.

910
00:37:03,137 --> 00:37:04,672
WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE WE GET TO

911
00:37:04,672 --> 00:37:06,340
TEST THESE DIFFERENT TYPES OF

912
00:37:06,340 --> 00:37:08,843
POWER AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS AS

913
00:37:08,843 --> 00:37:10,177
WE'RE GETTING READY TO FLY.

914
00:37:10,177 --> 00:37:11,712
IT'LL BE GREAT TO BE ABLE TO SEE

915
00:37:11,712 --> 00:37:13,881
THIS RUNNING NEXT WEEK, RIGHT,

916
00:37:13,881 --> 00:37:14,181
DAVE?

917
00:37:14,181 --> 00:37:14,649
>> THAT'S RIGHT.

918
00:37:14,649 --> 00:37:17,151
AT NASA, WE LIKE TO SAY THAT

919
00:37:17,151 --> 00:37:18,619
TECHNOLOGY DRIVES EXPLORATION.

920
00:37:18,619 --> 00:37:20,788
HERE AT THE GLENN RESEARCH

921
00:37:20,788 --> 00:37:23,658
CENTER, WE'RE VERY EXCITED THAT

922
00:37:23,658 --> 00:37:25,760
PROPULSION IS A PART OF OUR DEEP

923
00:37:25,760 --> 00:37:27,361
SPACE EXPLORATION MISSIONS.

924
00:37:27,361 --> 00:37:29,697
WE LOOK FORWARD TO APPLYING OUR

925
00:37:29,697 --> 00:37:31,599
EXPERTISE TO HUMAN AND ROBOTIC

926
00:37:31,599 --> 00:37:32,934
MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND BEYOND.

927
00:37:32,934 --> 00:37:36,971
>> WITH BACK TO YOU,

928
00:37:36,971 --> 00:37:37,738
ADMINISTRATOR BRIDENSTINE.

929
00:37:37,738 --> 00:37:41,509
>> NICE WORK, DAVE AND DEB.

930
00:37:41,509 --> 00:37:42,276
YOU'RE GETTING APPLAUSE, IF YOU

931
00:37:42,276 --> 00:37:44,445
CAN'T HEAR IT.

932
00:37:44,445 --> 00:37:44,812
[Applause]

933
00:37:44,812 --> 00:37:46,747
>> I GOT A QUESTION FOR YOU,

934
00:37:46,747 --> 00:37:48,149
GUYS, JUST REAL QUICK BEFORE YOU

935
00:37:48,149 --> 00:37:49,016
LEAVE.

936
00:37:49,016 --> 00:37:52,219
WHAT'S THE NEXT MILESTONE IN

937
00:37:52,219 --> 00:37:54,272
THIS PROPULSION DEVELOPMENT?

938
00:37:54,272 --> 00:37:54,622
>> SURE.

939
00:37:54,622 --> 00:37:56,791
SO THE HARDWARE I SHOWED YOU

940
00:37:56,791 --> 00:37:58,059
EARLIER WAS DESIGNED AND BUILD

941
00:37:58,059 --> 00:38:03,064
BY THE GLENN AND J.P.L. TEAM.

942
00:38:03,064 --> 00:38:05,199
IN 2016, WE SELECTED AN INDUSTRY

943
00:38:05,199 --> 00:38:08,669
PARTNER WHO IS FINISHING THE

944
00:38:08,669 --> 00:38:09,403
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM AND

945
00:38:09,403 --> 00:38:10,738
ALSO QUALIFICATION FOR GATEWAY.

946
00:38:10,738 --> 00:38:12,673
IN THE MAY TIME FRAME, I THINK

947
00:38:12,673 --> 00:38:17,378
DEB MIGHT HAVE REFERRED TO THAT

948
00:38:17,378 --> 00:38:19,380
HARDWARE, WE'LL BE RECEIVING THE

949
00:38:19,380 --> 00:38:20,982
FIRST TECHNOLOGY UNITS AND WE'LL

950
00:38:20,982 --> 00:38:24,118
BE CONDUCTING THE FIRST TESTING

951
00:38:24,118 --> 00:38:25,786
ALL IN SUPPORT OF THE GATEWAY.

952
00:38:25,786 --> 00:38:26,654
>> AWESOME.

953
00:38:26,654 --> 00:38:27,521
LAST QUESTION.

954
00:38:27,521 --> 00:38:30,124
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE NEXT

955
00:38:30,124 --> 00:38:33,311
HUMAN OUTPOST IN SPACE, IN ORBIT

956
00:38:33,311 --> 00:38:36,530
AROUND THE MOON, IT'S STARTING

957
00:38:36,530 --> 00:38:39,600
IN CLEVELAND.

958
00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:42,570
HOW DO THE FOLKS IN CLEVELAND

959
00:38:42,570 --> 00:38:44,138
FEEL AT BEING AT THE FOREFRONT

960
00:38:44,138 --> 00:38:44,739
OF THIS OPPORTUNITY.

961
00:38:44,739 --> 00:38:48,009
>> I THINK I'LL SPEAK FOR THE

962
00:38:48,009 --> 00:38:50,077
ENTIRE TEAM AT THE GLENN

963
00:38:50,077 --> 00:38:52,413
RESEARCH CENTER.

964
00:38:52,413 --> 00:38:53,147
FOLKS HAVE WORKED IN THIS AREA

965
00:38:53,147 --> 00:38:54,749
LITERALLY FOR DECADES.

966
00:38:54,749 --> 00:38:56,517
THIS CHAMBER WAS PUT HERE IN

967
00:38:56,517 --> 00:38:58,052
1961, SO YEAH, WE'RE BEYOND

968
00:38:58,052 --> 00:38:59,587
EXCITED TO BRING THAT EXPERTISE

969
00:38:59,587 --> 00:39:01,155
TO BEAR FOR SUCH AN IMPORTANT

970
00:39:01,155 --> 00:39:01,722
THING FOR NASA.

971
00:39:01,722 --> 00:39:03,357
>> WELL, DAVE AND DEB, THANK YOU

972
00:39:03,357 --> 00:39:04,992
FOR YOUR GREAT WORK.

973
00:39:04,992 --> 00:39:06,460
MAKE SURE EVERYBODY THERE KNOWS

974
00:39:06,460 --> 00:39:07,995
HOW GRATEFUL WE ARE, AND WE LOOK

975
00:39:07,995 --> 00:39:13,351
FORWARD TO MAKING THIS A WINNING

976
00:39:13,351 --> 00:39:14,101
ACHIEVEMENT, AND THANK YOU FOR

977
00:39:14,101 --> 00:39:14,602
YOUR GOOD WORK.

978
00:39:14,602 --> 00:39:27,715
>> THANKS FOR THE OPPORTUNITY.

979
00:39:27,715 --> 00:39:29,016
[Applause]

980
00:39:29,016 --> 00:39:30,117
.

981
00:39:30,117 --> 00:39:34,555
>> SO WE'VE TALKED A LOT ABOUT

982
00:39:34,555 --> 00:39:39,260
THE MOON, TO GO TO THE MOON,

983
00:39:39,260 --> 00:39:40,661
SUSTAINABLY, WITH INTERNATIONAL

984
00:39:40,661 --> 00:39:42,463
PARTNERS AND COMMERCIAL

985
00:39:42,463 --> 00:39:46,100
PARTNERS, TO UTILIZE THE

986
00:39:46,100 --> 00:39:47,001
RESOURCES OF THE MOON, IN OTHER

987
00:39:47,001 --> 00:39:48,936
WORDS, THE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS

988
00:39:48,936 --> 00:39:51,205
OF TONS OF WATER ICE THAT WE'RE

989
00:39:51,205 --> 00:39:52,907
ALREADY DISCOVERED.

990
00:39:52,907 --> 00:39:55,476
WATER ICE IS AIR DEBRIS, IT'S

991
00:39:55,476 --> 00:39:56,977
WATER TO DRINK.

992
00:39:56,977 --> 00:39:58,479
IT IS IN FACT PROPULSION, AND

993
00:39:58,479 --> 00:39:59,847
IT'S AVAILABLE IN HUNDREDS OF

994
00:39:59,847 --> 00:40:01,715
MILLIONS OF TONS ON THE SURFACE

995
00:40:01,715 --> 00:40:04,318
OF THE MOON.

996
00:40:04,318 --> 00:40:05,086
BUT IT'S ABOUT MORE THAN JUST

997
00:40:05,086 --> 00:40:07,154
THOSE THINGS.

998
00:40:07,154 --> 00:40:10,091
THE LAST PART OF HIS FIRST SPACE

999
00:40:10,091 --> 00:40:15,029
POLICY DIRECTIVE SAYS TO TAPE

1000
00:40:15,029 --> 00:40:19,733
THESE -- TAKE THESE CAPABLITIES

1001
00:40:19,733 --> 00:40:21,302
FOR AN EVENTUAL MISSION TO MARS.

1002
00:40:21,302 --> 00:40:25,423
SO WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IS

1003
00:40:25,423 --> 00:40:26,574
REDUCE RISK, MAKE SURE WHAT

1004
00:40:26,574 --> 00:40:29,176
WE'RE DOING IS NOT A DEAD END

1005
00:40:29,176 --> 00:40:31,078
AND IN FACT HAS CAPABLITIES OF

1006
00:40:31,078 --> 00:40:33,681
BEING UTILIZED ON ANOTHER WORLD,

1007
00:40:33,681 --> 00:40:36,183
THAT OTHER WORLD BEING MARS.

1008
00:40:36,183 --> 00:40:37,718
LET'S TALK FOR A SECOND ABOUT

1009
00:40:37,718 --> 00:40:38,018
MARS.

1010
00:40:38,018 --> 00:40:39,787
BY THE WAY, WHEN WE'RE TALKING

1011
00:40:39,787 --> 00:40:43,624
ABOUT MARS, LET'S TALK ABOUT THE

1012
00:40:43,624 --> 00:40:46,894
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE, THE

1013
00:40:46,894 --> 00:40:48,229
PLANETARY MISSION OF THE SCIENCE

1014
00:40:48,229 --> 00:40:49,630
MISSION DIRECTORATE.

1015
00:40:49,630 --> 00:40:54,368
HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT MARS.

1016
00:40:54,368 --> 00:40:56,337
BECAUSE OF THE SCIENCE MISSION

1017
00:40:56,337 --> 00:40:59,206
DIRECTORATE, WE NOW KNOW IT WAS

1018
00:40:59,206 --> 00:41:00,307
COVERED WITH WATER.

1019
00:41:00,307 --> 00:41:05,312
AND IN FACT, THERE WAS FLOWING

1020
00:41:05,312 --> 00:41:08,182
WATER ON MARS BECAUSE OF THE

1021
00:41:08,182 --> 00:41:10,918
MAVEN ORBITER, WE ULTIMATELY

1022
00:41:10,918 --> 00:41:12,286
UNDERSTAND WHAT HAPPENED TO THAT

1023
00:41:12,286 --> 00:41:13,420
ATMOSPHERE ON MARS.

1024
00:41:13,420 --> 00:41:15,189
WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT AN OCEAN,

1025
00:41:15,189 --> 00:41:19,827
THAT MEANS YES THERE WAS AN

1026
00:41:19,827 --> 00:41:21,662
OCEAN, AND THERE WAS A THICK

1027
00:41:21,662 --> 00:41:28,302
ATMOSPHERE, AND THERE IS A

1028
00:41:28,302 --> 00:41:32,239
MAGNETOSPHERE PROTECTING MARS

1029
00:41:32,239 --> 00:41:43,217
FROM THAT DEEP AT MOSS AT --

1030
00:41:43,217 --> 00:41:43,817
ATMOSPHERE AND SPACE.

1031
00:41:43,817 --> 00:41:46,353
ALL OF THIS SUGGESTS THAT AT ONE

1032
00:41:46,353 --> 00:41:48,289
TIME, IT WAS HABITABLE, AND

1033
00:41:48,289 --> 00:41:51,125
HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW NOW BECAUSE

1034
00:41:51,125 --> 00:41:55,696
OF THE CURIOSITY ROVER.

1035
00:41:55,696 --> 00:41:58,699
WE KNOW THERE ARE COMPLEX

1036
00:41:58,699 --> 00:42:00,768
ORGANIC MATTER ON THE SURFACE OF

1037
00:42:00,768 --> 00:42:01,068
MARS.

1038
00:42:01,068 --> 00:42:02,970
AND THAT WAS JUST IN THE LAST

1039
00:42:02,970 --> 00:42:03,270
YEAR.

1040
00:42:03,270 --> 00:42:10,211
WE KNOW NOW THE METHANE CLOCKS

1041
00:42:10,211 --> 00:42:13,214
OF MARS ARE COMMENSURRATE WITH

1042
00:42:13,214 --> 00:42:18,252
THE SEASONS OF MARS.

1043
00:42:18,252 --> 00:42:20,821
THEY ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF

1044
00:42:20,821 --> 00:42:21,355
LIFE.

1045
00:42:21,355 --> 00:42:22,790
THE PROBABILITY THAT WE MIGHT

1046
00:42:22,790 --> 00:42:24,892
FIND LIFE ON ANOTHER WORLD HAS

1047
00:42:24,892 --> 00:42:25,793
GONE UP.

1048
00:42:25,793 --> 00:42:29,129
WHEN THE METHANE CYCLES WITH

1049
00:42:29,129 --> 00:42:33,634
COMMENSURATE WITH THE SEASONS,

1050
00:42:33,634 --> 00:42:36,554
IT DOESN'T GUARANTEE THERE'S

1051
00:42:36,554 --> 00:42:38,005
LIFE, BUT THERE'S A POSSIBILITY

1052
00:42:38,005 --> 00:42:38,872
OF LIFE.

1053
00:42:38,872 --> 00:42:39,673
I'M NOT TALKING22 ABOUT222222222

1054
00:42:39,673 --> 00:42:41,275
BUN22222 Y222222 ROBERT22222

1055
00:42:41,275 --> 00:42:46,680
S2222222222222222222222222WS --

1056
00:42:46,680 --> 00:42:53,120
BUNNY RABBITS, BUT I'M -- I'M

1057
00:42:53,120 --> 00:42:55,522
TALKING ABOUT LIFE.

1058
00:42:55,522 --> 00:42:57,091
ABOUT OUR ABILITY TO POTENTIALLY

1059
00:42:57,091 --> 00:42:59,627
REACH OUT AND FIND LIFE ON

1060
00:42:59,627 --> 00:43:03,530
ANOTHER WORLD.

1061
00:43:03,530 --> 00:43:03,897
[Applause]

1062
00:43:03,897 --> 00:43:05,666
>> SO HOW DO WE DO THAT?

1063
00:43:05,666 --> 00:43:07,735
THIS BUDGET FULLY FUNDS MARS

1064
00:43:07,735 --> 00:43:08,035
2020.

1065
00:43:08,035 --> 00:43:14,074
THIS IS AN AMAZING CAPABLITY.

1066
00:43:14,074 --> 00:43:15,809
FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE ARE GOING

1067
00:43:15,809 --> 00:43:18,946
TO CATCH SAMPLES OF MARS FOR AN

1068
00:43:18,946 --> 00:43:19,480
EVENTUAL RETURN.

1069
00:43:19,480 --> 00:43:21,248
WE ARE ALSO GOING TO FIGURE OUT

1070
00:43:21,248 --> 00:43:24,251
HOW DO WE USE THE CARBON DIOXIDE

1071
00:43:24,251 --> 00:43:25,986
OF MARS TO PRODUCE OXYGEN THAT

1072
00:43:25,986 --> 00:43:27,688
EVENTUALLY HUMANS WILL BE ABLE

1073
00:43:27,688 --> 00:43:28,389
TO BREATHE?

1074
00:43:28,389 --> 00:43:29,890
AND EVEN MORE EXCITING, WE ARE

1075
00:43:29,890 --> 00:43:32,393
GOING TO, FOR THE FIRST TIME,

1076
00:43:32,393 --> 00:43:33,994
FLY A HELICOPTER ON ANOTHER

1077
00:43:33,994 --> 00:43:43,621
WORLD WITH THE MARS HELICOPTER.

1078
00:43:43,621 --> 00:43:43,971
[Applause]

1079
00:43:43,971 --> 00:43:46,006
>> MARS 2020 IS FULLY FUNDED IN

1080
00:43:46,006 --> 00:43:47,708
THIS BUDGET REQUEST, BUT EVEN

1081
00:43:47,708 --> 00:43:49,376
MORE, A MARS SAMPLE RETURN IS

1082
00:43:49,376 --> 00:43:51,178
ALSO FUNDED IN THIS BUDGET

1083
00:43:51,178 --> 00:43:52,579
REQUEST, WHICH WE ARE VERY

1084
00:43:52,579 --> 00:43:58,485
EXCITED ABOUT.

1085
00:43:58,485 --> 00:43:58,852
[Applause]

1086
00:43:58,852 --> 00:44:03,424
>> THE MOON IS THE PROVING

1087
00:44:03,424 --> 00:44:03,757
GROUND.

1088
00:44:03,757 --> 00:44:07,194
MARS IS THE HORIZON GOAL, AND IT

1089
00:44:07,194 --> 00:44:09,830
REQUIRES AN ALL-OF-THE-ABOVE

1090
00:44:09,830 --> 00:44:11,298
APPROACH.

1091
00:44:11,298 --> 00:44:13,300
I'M GOING TO ANCHOR ON THE

1092
00:44:13,300 --> 00:44:15,035
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE JUST

1093
00:44:15,035 --> 00:44:16,370
FOR A MINUTE BECAUSE I NEED TO

1094
00:44:16,370 --> 00:44:20,307
GIVE A LOT OF CREDIT TO A LOT OF

1095
00:44:20,307 --> 00:44:20,658
PEOPLE.

1096
00:44:20,658 --> 00:44:24,611
WHEN I WAS HOME FOR CHRISTMAS,

1097
00:44:24,611 --> 00:44:30,317
OSIRIS REX ENTERED ORBIT AROUND

1098
00:44:30,317 --> 00:44:32,920
BENU, AND WE'RE GOING TO HAVE

1099
00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:36,957
THIS DO A SAMPLE FROM BENU, AN

1100
00:44:36,957 --> 00:44:37,858
ASTEROID IN DEEP SPACE.

1101
00:44:37,858 --> 00:44:43,931
AND JUST A FEW DAYS LATER, WE

1102
00:44:43,931 --> 00:44:47,368
FLEW 4 BILLION MILES AWAY FROM

1103
00:44:47,368 --> 00:44:50,871
EARTH ON THE OTHER SIDE OF EARTH

1104
00:44:50,871 --> 00:44:54,975
IN THE KUYPER BELT.

1105
00:44:54,975 --> 00:44:56,210
AND OF COURSE BEFORE WE DID THIS

1106
00:44:56,210 --> 00:44:58,579
FLY BY, WE HAD NO IDEA WHAT THIS

1107
00:44:58,579 --> 00:45:02,583
OBJECT WOULD LOOK LIKE, BUT NOW,

1108
00:45:02,583 --> 00:45:05,319
WE KNOW, AND WE'RE GETTING

1109
00:45:05,319 --> 00:45:10,557
VALUABLE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION.

1110
00:45:10,557 --> 00:45:12,793
THE PRIORITY IN THIS BUDGET IS

1111
00:45:12,793 --> 00:45:15,963
FUNDED VERY, VERY WELL, AND

1112
00:45:15,963 --> 00:45:17,297
MAKES US HEALTHY.

1113
00:45:17,297 --> 00:45:19,867
IF WE'RE GOING TO FLY HUMANS TO

1114
00:45:19,867 --> 00:45:23,270
MARS, WHAT OTHER PARTS OF THE

1115
00:45:23,270 --> 00:45:24,037
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE DO

1116
00:45:24,037 --> 00:45:27,141
WE NEED TO FUND AND UNDERSTAND?

1117
00:45:27,141 --> 00:45:30,377
WELL, IF WE'RE GOING TO TAKE

1118
00:45:30,377 --> 00:45:32,913
HUMANS THROUGH MARS, WE'RE GOING

1119
00:45:32,913 --> 00:45:34,681
TO HAVE TO TAKE THEM THROUGH

1120
00:45:34,681 --> 00:45:35,582
DEEP SPACE.

1121
00:45:35,582 --> 00:45:37,985
WE NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW

1122
00:45:37,985 --> 00:45:39,553
THE SUN PUTS RADIATION INTO

1123
00:45:39,553 --> 00:45:39,853
SPACE.

1124
00:45:39,853 --> 00:45:45,359
WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO, IN FACT,

1125
00:45:45,359 --> 00:45:47,795
PREDICT SOLAR FLAIRS AND CORONA

1126
00:45:47,795 --> 00:45:49,296
MASS EJECTIONS.

1127
00:45:49,296 --> 00:45:50,631
BECAUSE IF WE'RE NOT ABLE TO

1128
00:45:50,631 --> 00:45:53,167
PREDICT THAT AND OUR ASTRONAUTS

1129
00:45:53,167 --> 00:45:54,435
END UP IN THE MIDDLE OF

1130
00:45:54,435 --> 00:45:57,337
SOMETHING LIKE THAT, IT COULD BE

1131
00:45:57,337 --> 00:45:58,505
VERY DAMAGING TO THEIR HEALTH.

1132
00:45:58,505 --> 00:46:00,941
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS FULLY

1133
00:46:00,941 --> 00:46:02,409
FUNDED AND WE ARE FOLLOWING THE

1134
00:46:02,409 --> 00:46:09,767
ADVICE OF THE DECADO -- AND

1135
00:46:09,767 --> 00:46:11,452
ULTIMATELY BE ABLE TO PREDICT SO

1136
00:46:11,452 --> 00:46:13,787
WE CAN PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR

1137
00:46:13,787 --> 00:46:15,956
HUMANS HERE ON EARTH, NOT JUST

1138
00:46:15,956 --> 00:46:16,723
ON MARS.

1139
00:46:16,723 --> 00:46:18,425
TO BE CLEAR, I WANT TO BE CLEAR

1140
00:46:18,425 --> 00:46:21,161
ON THIS, IF WE HAVE A CORONA

1141
00:46:21,161 --> 00:46:27,167
MASS EJECTION LIKE A CARINGTON

1142
00:46:27,167 --> 00:46:28,936
EVENT IN THE 1800'S, IT COULD BE

1143
00:46:28,936 --> 00:46:31,104
VERY DAMAGING FOR HUMAN KIND.

1144
00:46:31,104 --> 00:46:32,339
IMAGINE NOT HAVING THE POWER

1145
00:46:32,339 --> 00:46:35,275
GRID OR HAVING YOUR CELL TOWERS

1146
00:46:35,275 --> 00:46:37,010
WORK, THAT COULD BE EXISTENTIAL,

1147
00:46:37,010 --> 00:46:40,948
SO WE NEED TO BE VERY GOOD AT

1148
00:46:40,948 --> 00:46:42,282
PREDICTING WHEN THESE KINDS OF

1149
00:46:42,282 --> 00:46:43,917
EVENTS WILL OCCUR.

1150
00:46:43,917 --> 00:46:45,486
WE ARE FUNDING THOSE MISSIONS

1151
00:46:45,486 --> 00:46:47,321
WITH THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE AND

1152
00:46:47,321 --> 00:46:48,989
OTHERS, AND THAT TAKES US OUT

1153
00:46:48,989 --> 00:46:51,859
FROM THE SUN TO THE EARTH.

1154
00:46:51,859 --> 00:46:53,327
THE PRESIDENT HAS NOW SIGNED NO

1155
00:46:53,327 --> 00:46:55,295
LAW THE HIGHEST EARTH SCIENCE

1156
00:46:55,295 --> 00:46:59,199
BUDGET IN THE HISTORY OF THE

1157
00:46:59,199 --> 00:47:01,535
UNITED STATES EVERY YEAR THAT HE

1158
00:47:01,535 --> 00:47:05,939
HAS BEEN THE PRESIDENT OF THE

1159
00:47:05,939 --> 00:47:08,208
UNITED STATES.

1160
00:47:08,208 --> 00:47:08,609
[Applause]

1161
00:47:08,609 --> 00:47:13,347
>> AND THIS BUDGET REQUEST IS

1162
00:47:13,347 --> 00:47:15,048
HIGHER THAN FIVE OF THE BUDGETS

1163
00:47:15,048 --> 00:47:18,018
THAT CAME OUT OF THE PREVIOUS

1164
00:47:18,018 --> 00:47:18,485
ADMINISTRATION.

1165
00:47:18,485 --> 00:47:20,287
WHEN I CAME TO NASA, I COMMITTED

1166
00:47:20,287 --> 00:47:22,756
TO CONGRESS, AND I COMMIT TO YOU

1167
00:47:22,756 --> 00:47:25,292
NOW THAT THE EARTH SCIENCE

1168
00:47:25,292 --> 00:47:26,727
DIVISION OF THE SCIENCE MISSION

1169
00:47:26,727 --> 00:47:30,264
DIRECTORATE WOULD BE STRONG,

1170
00:47:30,264 --> 00:47:31,231
THAT WE WOULD MOVE FORWARD, NO

1171
00:47:31,231 --> 00:47:32,733
KIDDING, WITH THE SURVEYS THAT

1172
00:47:32,733 --> 00:47:33,867
COME FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY

1173
00:47:33,867 --> 00:47:36,436
OF SCIENCES IN ALL OF THEIR

1174
00:47:36,436 --> 00:47:38,405
AGENDA ITEMS STARTING WITH

1175
00:47:38,405 --> 00:47:39,306
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION

1176
00:47:39,306 --> 00:47:42,242
WITH THE WATER CYCLE AND THE

1177
00:47:42,242 --> 00:47:44,311
ENERGY CYCLE, ULTIMATELY BEING

1178
00:47:44,311 --> 00:47:47,080
ABLE TO PREDICT WEATHER AND AIR

1179
00:47:47,080 --> 00:47:49,082
QUALITY, UNDERSTANDING NATURAL

1180
00:47:49,082 --> 00:47:50,868
DISASTERS AND HOW THEY OCCUR.

1181
00:47:50,868 --> 00:47:54,621
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT ECO SYSTEM

1182
00:47:54,621 --> 00:47:58,425
CHANGE, WHICH, FRIENDS, IT IS

1183
00:47:58,425 --> 00:47:58,792
CHANGING.

1184
00:47:58,792 --> 00:48:00,093
CARBON DIOXIDE IS IN THE

1185
00:48:00,093 --> 00:48:02,062
ATMOSPHERE IN LEVELS WE HAVE

1186
00:48:02,062 --> 00:48:02,880
NEVER SEEN BEFORE.

1187
00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:04,364
WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT.

1188
00:48:04,364 --> 00:48:07,100
IT IS A GREENHOUSE GAS.

1189
00:48:07,100 --> 00:48:09,570
NASA HAS AN OBLIGATION TO

1190
00:48:09,570 --> 00:48:13,340
CONTINUE STUDYING THESE.

1191
00:48:13,340 --> 00:48:15,609
WHAT WE DO WHEN WE STUDY THE

1192
00:48:15,609 --> 00:48:19,046
PLANET, IS WE SENSE THE EARTH IN

1193
00:48:19,046 --> 00:48:23,450
EVERY PART OF THE

1194
00:48:23,450 --> 00:48:25,118
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM, AND WE

1195
00:48:25,118 --> 00:48:27,955
SHARE IT FOR FREE.

1196
00:48:27,955 --> 00:48:29,790
WE STUDY THE EARTH, AND AS I

1197
00:48:29,790 --> 00:48:31,425
COMMITTED FROM THE BEGINNING, WE

1198
00:48:31,425 --> 00:48:33,760
ARE STUDYING THE EARTH WITH AS

1199
00:48:33,760 --> 00:48:36,096
STRONG A BUDGET AS WE HAVE SEEN,

1200
00:48:36,096 --> 00:48:37,798
REALLY, IN A VERY LONG TIME

1201
00:48:37,798 --> 00:48:39,666
RIGHT NOW, AND THIS BUDGET

1202
00:48:39,666 --> 00:48:41,168
REQUEST FOR EARTH SCIENCE IS

1203
00:48:41,168 --> 00:48:51,111
VERY STRONG, AS WELL.

1204
00:48:51,111 --> 00:48:51,478
[Applause]

1205
00:48:51,478 --> 00:48:54,181
>> LET'S TALK ABOUT ASTROPHYSICS

1206
00:48:54,181 --> 00:48:55,282
FOR A WHILE.

1207
00:48:55,282 --> 00:48:58,685
TALK ABOUT SOME EXCITING

1208
00:48:58,685 --> 00:48:59,119
DISCOVERIES.

1209
00:48:59,119 --> 00:49:02,189
YOU KNOW, WHAT'S AMAZING IS

1210
00:49:02,189 --> 00:49:04,758
WE'RE LEARNING MORE ABOUT NOT

1211
00:49:04,758 --> 00:49:07,127
JUST OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, NOT JUST

1212
00:49:07,127 --> 00:49:09,796
ABOUT OUR GALAXY, BUT IN FACT

1213
00:49:09,796 --> 00:49:14,368
ABOUT THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE ALL

1214
00:49:14,368 --> 00:49:20,040
THE TIME NOWAA.

1215
00:49:20,040 --> 00:49:25,846
AAA -- THE BEGINNING OF THE

1216
00:49:25,846 --> 00:49:28,515
UNIVERSITY, WHAT WE CALL COSMIC

1217
00:49:28,515 --> 00:49:29,967
DAWN, TO SEE THE FIRST LIGHT

1218
00:49:29,967 --> 00:49:30,851
FROM THE UNIVERSITY.

1219
00:49:30,851 --> 00:49:38,358
LIGHT FROM STARS, FROM GALAXIES,

1220
00:49:38,358 --> 00:49:39,026
TO EVEN ASSESS THE EARLIEST

1221
00:49:39,026 --> 00:49:46,633
BLACK HOLES, AND FRIENDS, WE'RE

1222
00:49:46,633 --> 00:49:50,170
STARTING TO UNDERSTAND PHYSICS,

1223
00:49:50,170 --> 00:49:53,073
ASTROPHYSICS IN A WAY THAT WAS

1224
00:49:53,073 --> 00:49:53,740
PREVIOUSLY ONLY THEORY.

1225
00:49:53,740 --> 00:49:56,943
IN A WAY, WE'RE PROVING OUT THE

1226
00:49:56,943 --> 00:49:59,613
THEORY OF RELATIVITY, EINSTEIN,

1227
00:49:59,613 --> 00:50:01,348
WE'RE SEEING IT FOR THE FIRST

1228
00:50:01,348 --> 00:50:01,648
TIME.

1229
00:50:01,648 --> 00:50:03,884
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THESE

1230
00:50:03,884 --> 00:50:08,055
MISSIONS, WE TALK ABOUT HUBBLE

1231
00:50:08,055 --> 00:50:15,429
AND SHONDRA AND KIBLER, WE KNOW

1232
00:50:15,429 --> 00:50:17,631
THAT IT'S EXPANDING AT AN EVER

1233
00:50:17,631 --> 00:50:19,266
INCREASING RATE, AND IT IS

1234
00:50:19,266 --> 00:50:20,133
ACCELERATING, AND THE QUESTION

1235
00:50:20,133 --> 00:50:21,401
IS WHY.

1236
00:50:21,401 --> 00:50:24,805
AND WE TALK ABOUT THINGS LIKE

1237
00:50:24,805 --> 00:50:26,873
DARK MATTER, WHICH WE NOW KNOW

1238
00:50:26,873 --> 00:50:28,508
IS MOST OF THE MATTER IN THE

1239
00:50:28,508 --> 00:50:29,076
UNIVERSE.

1240
00:50:29,076 --> 00:50:30,510
WE CAN'T INTERACT WITH IT.

1241
00:50:30,510 --> 00:50:32,345
WE CAN'T SEE IT, BUT WE KNOW

1242
00:50:32,345 --> 00:50:37,484
IT'S THERE BECAUSE WE CAN SEE

1243
00:50:37,484 --> 00:50:42,222
ITS GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS.

1244
00:50:42,222 --> 00:50:46,626
THE UNIVERSE IS ACCELERATING

1245
00:50:46,626 --> 00:50:49,046
FASTER AND FASTER AWAY FROM THIS

1246
00:50:49,046 --> 00:50:52,532
POINT, AND SO WE USE WORDS LIKE

1247
00:50:52,532 --> 00:50:55,836
DARK ENERGY IS CAUSING THIS TO

1248
00:50:55,836 --> 00:50:56,369
HAPPEN.

1249
00:50:56,369 --> 00:50:57,504
WELL, IN ORDER TO LEARN MORE

1250
00:50:57,504 --> 00:50:58,572
ABOUT THIS KIND OF ACTIVITY, WE

1251
00:50:58,572 --> 00:51:01,074
NEED TO BE ABLE TO SEE TO THE

1252
00:51:01,074 --> 00:51:02,059
VERY BEGINNINGS.

1253
00:51:02,059 --> 00:51:04,644
WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO SEE THAT

1254
00:51:04,644 --> 00:51:06,747
COSMIC DAWN, THE FIRST LIGHT IN

1255
00:51:06,747 --> 00:51:07,314
THE UNIVERSE.

1256
00:51:07,314 --> 00:51:09,149
AND I WILL TELL YOU, IT HAS BEEN

1257
00:51:09,149 --> 00:51:11,184
A CHALLENGE FOR ME AS YOUR NASA

1258
00:51:11,184 --> 00:51:14,721
ADMINISTRATOR TO GO TO THE HILL

1259
00:51:14,721 --> 00:51:15,789
AND TALK ABOUT THE JAMES WEBB

1260
00:51:15,789 --> 00:51:17,023
SPACE TELESCOPE.

1261
00:51:17,023 --> 00:51:18,291
SOME OF YOU MIGHT HAVE SEEN

1262
00:51:18,291 --> 00:51:19,960
THOSE HEARINGS, AND THEY'RE NOT

1263
00:51:19,960 --> 00:51:20,227
FUN.

1264
00:51:20,227 --> 00:51:24,331
BUT I WILL ALSO TELL YOU THIS:

1265
00:51:24,331 --> 00:51:25,132
THIS ADMINISTRATION IS COMMITTED

1266
00:51:25,132 --> 00:51:27,601
TO THE JAMES WEBB SPACE

1267
00:51:27,601 --> 00:51:30,637
TELESCOPE, AND WE HAVE

1268
00:51:30,637 --> 00:51:32,706
BIPARTISAN SUPPORT FOR THE JAMES

1269
00:51:32,706 --> 00:51:37,210
WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, AND IT

1270
00:51:37,210 --> 00:51:39,846
IS -- OUR NUMBER ONE AGENDA FOR

1271
00:51:39,846 --> 00:51:41,948
JAMES WEBB IS SUCCESS.

1272
00:51:41,948 --> 00:51:43,283
AT THIS POINT, THIS MISSION IS

1273
00:51:43,283 --> 00:51:44,718
SO IMPORTANT TO THE UNITED

1274
00:51:44,718 --> 00:51:46,486
STATES OF AMERICA, AND HERE'S

1275
00:51:46,486 --> 00:51:48,054
WHY: WE'RE TALKING ABOUT

1276
00:51:48,054 --> 00:51:49,923
ESTABLISHING AMERICA AS THE LEAD

1277
00:51:49,923 --> 00:51:53,627
IN PHYSICS FOR THE NEXT 30

1278
00:51:53,627 --> 00:51:53,927
YEARS.

1279
00:51:53,927 --> 00:51:57,364
WHEN JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE

1280
00:51:57,364 --> 00:51:59,132
IS LAUNCHED AND WE'RE ABLE TO

1281
00:51:59,132 --> 00:52:01,301
SEE COSMIC DAWN THAT ESTABLISHES

1282
00:52:01,301 --> 00:52:03,336
THE UNITED STATES AS THE LEADER

1283
00:52:03,336 --> 00:52:06,039
OF PHYSICS FOR THE NEXT 30

1284
00:52:06,039 --> 00:52:07,941
YEARS, BUT IT GOES BEYOND THAT.

1285
00:52:07,941 --> 00:52:09,309
SURE, WE WANT TO LEAD, BUT WE

1286
00:52:09,309 --> 00:52:10,177
ALSO WANT TO DISCOVER.

1287
00:52:10,177 --> 00:52:12,145
WE HAVE MODELS AND IDEAS ABOUT

1288
00:52:12,145 --> 00:52:15,415
REALLY WHAT THE UNIVERSE LOOKED

1289
00:52:15,415 --> 00:52:16,149
LIKE IN THOSE DAYS, BUT WE'RE

1290
00:52:16,149 --> 00:52:17,884
GOING TO KNOW, AND I CAN TELL

1291
00:52:17,884 --> 00:52:18,618
YOU THIS.

1292
00:52:18,618 --> 00:52:20,887
HERE'S WHAT WE ALREADY NOW, THE

1293
00:52:20,887 --> 00:52:22,923
MODELS -- KNOW, THE MODELS

1294
00:52:22,923 --> 00:52:23,423
AREN'T RIGHT.

1295
00:52:23,423 --> 00:52:24,825
SO THIS IS AN EXCITING TIME.

1296
00:52:24,825 --> 00:52:27,727
THE OTHER THING THAT'S

1297
00:52:27,727 --> 00:52:30,497
IMPORTANT, WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO

1298
00:52:30,497 --> 00:52:32,098
LOOK AT OTHER STARS, AND NOT

1299
00:52:32,098 --> 00:52:33,900
ONLY LOOK AT THOSE STARS BUT

1300
00:52:33,900 --> 00:52:35,302
LOOK AT OTHER PLANETS AROUND

1301
00:52:35,302 --> 00:52:38,071
THOSE STARS AND CHARACTERIZE

1302
00:52:38,071 --> 00:52:40,974
THOSE PLANETS AS TO THEIR

1303
00:52:40,974 --> 00:52:41,408
HABITABILITY.

1304
00:52:41,408 --> 00:52:43,944
COULD THOSE PLANETS BE ABLE TO

1305
00:52:43,944 --> 00:52:44,511
HOST LIFE?

1306
00:52:44,511 --> 00:52:46,513
AND JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO GIVE

1307
00:52:46,513 --> 00:52:48,181
US AN OPPORTUNITY TO LOOK AT THE

1308
00:52:48,181 --> 00:52:50,784
LIGHT AS IT, YOU KNOW, TRANSFERS

1309
00:52:50,784 --> 00:52:53,186
THROUGH THAT ATMOSPHERE.

1310
00:52:53,186 --> 00:52:55,956
CERTAIN PART -- CERTAIN PARTS OF

1311
00:52:55,956 --> 00:52:57,657
THE SPECTRUM ARE NOT GOING TO

1312
00:52:57,657 --> 00:52:58,959
MAKE IT THROUGH, AND WE'RE GOING

1313
00:52:58,959 --> 00:53:01,194
TO BE ABLE TO DETERMINE THE

1314
00:53:01,194 --> 00:53:02,762
ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS AROUND

1315
00:53:02,762 --> 00:53:04,865
OTHER STARS AND MAKE ASSESSMENTS

1316
00:53:04,865 --> 00:53:06,199
TO CHARACTERIZE, IF YOU WILL,

1317
00:53:06,199 --> 00:53:08,568
THE ATMOSPHERES OF THOSE

1318
00:53:08,568 --> 00:53:08,935
PLANETS.

1319
00:53:08,935 --> 00:53:11,371
JAMES WEBB IS GOING TO BE AN

1320
00:53:11,371 --> 00:53:13,940
AMAZING CAPABLITY FOR THE UNITED

1321
00:53:13,940 --> 00:53:19,446
STATES OF AMERICA.

1322
00:53:19,446 --> 00:53:21,414
AS WE'RE ON ASTROPHYSICS, I ALSO

1323
00:53:21,414 --> 00:53:22,782
WANT TO MAKE ONE LAST STATEMENT

1324
00:53:22,782 --> 00:53:23,984
THAT I THINK IS IMPORTANT.

1325
00:53:23,984 --> 00:53:25,952
WE TALKED ABOUT THE GATEWAY AND

1326
00:53:25,952 --> 00:53:27,921
HOW IT'S GOING TO GIVE US ACCESS

1327
00:53:27,921 --> 00:53:34,060
TO THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.

1328
00:53:34,060 --> 00:53:37,631
WE WANT ROBOTS AND LANDERS AND

1329
00:53:37,631 --> 00:53:37,964
ROVERS.

1330
00:53:37,964 --> 00:53:41,167
THE GATEWAY IS NOT JUST ABOUT

1331
00:53:41,167 --> 00:53:42,102
GETTING TO THE MOON, IT'S NOT

1332
00:53:42,102 --> 00:53:45,839
ABOUT STUDYING THE MOON FROM THE

1333
00:53:45,839 --> 00:53:47,173
ORBIT OF THE MOON, IT GIVES US

1334
00:53:47,173 --> 00:53:48,942
AN OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY DEEP

1335
00:53:48,942 --> 00:53:50,610
SPACE FROM A HUMAN TENDED SPACE

1336
00:53:50,610 --> 00:53:53,613
STATION WHICH GIVES US A

1337
00:53:53,613 --> 00:53:55,682
CAPABILITY HERETOFORE WE'VE

1338
00:53:55,682 --> 00:53:56,283
NEVER SEEN.

1339
00:53:56,283 --> 00:53:58,418
ON THE FAR SIDE OF THE MOON,

1340
00:53:58,418 --> 00:54:00,237
IT'S VERY QUIET.

1341
00:54:00,237 --> 00:54:00,487
WHY?

1342
00:54:00,487 --> 00:54:05,358
BECAUSE ALL OF THE

1343
00:54:05,358 --> 00:54:06,393
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WE

1344
00:54:06,393 --> 00:54:08,128
CREATE, IT'S QUIET ON THE FAR

1345
00:54:08,128 --> 00:54:12,132
SIDE OF THE MOON, SO WE CAN

1346
00:54:12,132 --> 00:54:17,804
CREATE THINGS IN THE

1347
00:54:17,804 --> 00:54:19,606
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM THAT WE

1348
00:54:19,606 --> 00:54:21,708
CAN'T CURRENTLY IMAGE DEEP SPACE

1349
00:54:21,708 --> 00:54:22,375
WITH.

1350
00:54:22,375 --> 00:54:25,011
WE CAN DO ASTROPHYSICS FROM THE

1351
00:54:25,011 --> 00:54:27,280
SURFACE OF THE MOON WITH VERY

1352
00:54:27,280 --> 00:54:28,548
THIN WIRE ANTENNAS.

1353
00:54:28,548 --> 00:54:30,016
NOW THAT'S MAYBE NOT IN THIS

1354
00:54:30,016 --> 00:54:31,618
BUDGET REQUEST, BUT THE GATEWAY

1355
00:54:31,618 --> 00:54:34,287
OPENS THE DOOR TO ALL OF THESE

1356
00:54:34,287 --> 00:54:35,722
CAPABLITIES IN THE FUTURE.

1357
00:54:35,722 --> 00:54:38,692
SO IN CLOSING, I WANT EVERYBODY

1358
00:54:38,692 --> 00:54:42,395
TO KNOW THAT NASA'S BUDGET

1359
00:54:42,395 --> 00:54:44,798
REQUEST IS VERY GOOD, AND WE

1360
00:54:44,798 --> 00:54:49,502
HAVE BIPARTISAN SUPPORT , WHICH

1361
00:54:49,502 --> 00:54:51,705
I HAVE BEEN COMMITTED TO FROM

1362
00:54:51,705 --> 00:54:53,440
THE BEGINNING FOR NASA, NOT JUST

1363
00:54:53,440 --> 00:54:56,743
IN THE HOUSE BUT IN THE SENATE,

1364
00:54:56,743 --> 00:54:59,312
AND WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO

1365
00:54:59,312 --> 00:55:01,848
ACCOMPLISH SOMETHING WE'VE NEVER

1366
00:55:01,848 --> 00:55:08,221
BEEN ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH BEFORE

1367
00:55:08,221 --> 00:55:10,457
WITH BIPARTISAN SUPPORT.

1368
00:55:10,457 --> 00:55:11,725
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR US?

1369
00:55:11,725 --> 00:55:14,094
I JUST TALKED ABOUT HELIO

1370
00:55:14,094 --> 00:55:14,928
PHYSICS AND HOW IMPORTANT IT

1371
00:55:14,928 --> 00:55:19,399
IS -- IF WE'RE GOING TO SEND

1372
00:55:19,399 --> 00:55:22,936
ASTRONAUTS TO MARS, HOW

1373
00:55:22,936 --> 00:55:25,872
IMPORTANT IT IS TO THE LIVES OF

1374
00:55:25,872 --> 00:55:29,376
THE ASTRONAUTS?

1375
00:55:29,376 --> 00:55:31,144
HELIO PHYSICS IS A CRITICAL

1376
00:55:31,144 --> 00:55:34,080
PIECE OF OUR MOON TO MARS

1377
00:55:34,080 --> 00:55:34,414
PROGRAM.

1378
00:55:34,414 --> 00:55:35,882
I WAS IN THE HOTEL THIS MORNING,

1379
00:55:35,882 --> 00:55:37,951
AND I WAS TALKING TO A LADY THAT

1380
00:55:37,951 --> 00:55:40,220
HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO VISIT THE

1381
00:55:40,220 --> 00:55:42,455
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, AND SHE

1382
00:55:42,455 --> 00:55:44,858
SAID ONE OF THE THINGS THAT ARE

1383
00:55:44,858 --> 00:55:47,344
MOST STRIKING -- THAT WAS MOST

1384
00:55:47,344 --> 00:55:50,230
STRIKING TO HER, SHE RAN INTO

1385
00:55:50,230 --> 00:55:51,064
SOMEBODY AT THE KENNEDY SPACE

1386
00:55:51,064 --> 00:55:53,733
CENTER AND ASKED HIM WHAT HE

1387
00:55:53,733 --> 00:55:55,935
DID, AND HE SAID WELL, I'M

1388
00:55:55,935 --> 00:55:57,904
HELPING US GO TO THE MOON AND

1389
00:55:57,904 --> 00:55:58,872
ONTO MARS.

1390
00:55:58,872 --> 00:56:00,473
AND THAT WAS HIS ANSWER.

1391
00:56:00,473 --> 00:56:02,359
AND SHE SAID OKAY, WHAT DO YOU

1392
00:56:02,359 --> 00:56:02,609
DO?

1393
00:56:02,609 --> 00:56:05,111
AND HE SAID I'M A CUSTODIAN.

1394
00:56:05,111 --> 00:56:08,281
FRIENDS, THESE OBJECTIVES ARE AN

1395
00:56:08,281 --> 00:56:13,620
ALL OF NASA APPROACH.

1396
00:56:13,620 --> 00:56:17,457
EVERY SENSOR THAT WE OPERATE IS

1397
00:56:17,457 --> 00:56:19,059
CRITICAL TO THIS MISSION,

1398
00:56:19,059 --> 00:56:22,328
CRITICAL TO ACHIEVING THESE

1399
00:56:22,328 --> 00:56:23,863
GOALS, INCLUDING THE

1400
00:56:23,863 --> 00:56:25,899
DIRECTORATE.

1401
00:56:25,899 --> 00:56:26,633
WE TALK ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE,

1402
00:56:26,633 --> 00:56:29,335
AND IN SOME CASES,

1403
00:56:29,335 --> 00:56:31,304
INFRASTRUCTURE OFTEN BECOMES A

1404
00:56:31,304 --> 00:56:31,704
TARGET.

1405
00:56:31,704 --> 00:56:32,839
BUT FRIENDS WE CAN'T ACCOMPLISH

1406
00:56:32,839 --> 00:56:35,041
ANY OF THIS WITHOUT THE

1407
00:56:35,041 --> 00:56:39,546
INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL, SO THE

1408
00:56:39,546 --> 00:56:42,399
DIRECTORATE IS ALSO A CAPABILITY

1409
00:56:42,399 --> 00:56:43,149
FOR OUR SHARED ACHIEVEMENT IN

1410
00:56:43,149 --> 00:56:44,250
HEADING TO THE MOON AND ONTO

1411
00:56:44,250 --> 00:56:44,551
MARS.

1412
00:56:44,551 --> 00:56:48,121
SO I JUST WANT TO SHARE ONE LAST

1413
00:56:48,121 --> 00:56:50,723
THING -- FOR ALL THE PEOPLE

1414
00:56:50,723 --> 00:56:51,357
WATCHING, I SEE SOME T.V.

1415
00:56:51,357 --> 00:56:52,759
CAMERAS AND MAYBE SOME SOCIAL

1416
00:56:52,759 --> 00:56:54,194
MEDIA, I WANT TO ENCOURAGE

1417
00:56:54,194 --> 00:57:04,437
EVERYBODY TO VISIT

1418
00:57:04,437 --> 00:57:04,971
NASA.GOV/MOONTOMARS.

1419
00:57:04,971 --> 00:57:06,940
I WANT YOU TO GO TO THE WEBSITE,

1420
00:57:06,940 --> 00:57:08,641
AND I WANT YOU TO LEARN.

1421
00:57:08,641 --> 00:57:10,610
FOR THE NASA EMPLOYEES HERE, I

1422
00:57:10,610 --> 00:57:13,379
WANT YOU TO LEARN HOW YOU CAN

1423
00:57:13,379 --> 00:57:15,148
COMMUNICATE ALL OF THESE GREAT

1424
00:57:15,148 --> 00:57:18,384
THINGS THAT WE ARE TRYING TO

1425
00:57:18,384 --> 00:57:20,186
ACHIEVE TO THE PUBLIC.

1426
00:57:20,186 --> 00:57:22,155
ENGAGE ON SOCIAL MEDIA.

1427
00:57:22,155 --> 00:57:26,759
I WANT YOU TO ENGAGE ON SOCIAL

1428
00:57:26,759 --> 00:57:27,060
MEDIA.

1429
00:57:27,060 --> 00:57:27,894
IF YOU HAVE TWITTER OR FACEBOOK

1430
00:57:27,894 --> 00:57:29,762
OR TALK TO YOUR FRIENDS, MAKE

1431
00:57:29,762 --> 00:57:32,499
SURE YOU LET THEM KNOW WHAT WE

1432
00:57:32,499 --> 00:57:34,167
ARE DOING AND WHY BECAUSE THIS

1433
00:57:34,167 --> 00:57:37,770
IS TRANSFORMATIONAL, AND IT'S

1434
00:57:37,770 --> 00:57:39,706
ONLY GOING TO HAPPEN IF ALL OF

1435
00:57:39,706 --> 00:57:40,773
AMERICA BUYS IN.

1436
00:57:40,773 --> 00:57:44,644
THE OTHER DAY, I WENT TO THE

1437
00:57:44,644 --> 00:57:47,280
WORLD AG EXPO, AND EVERYBODY WAS

1438
00:57:47,280 --> 00:57:48,748
LIKE WHY IS THE DIRECTOR OF NASA

1439
00:57:48,748 --> 00:57:51,484
GOING TO THE WORLD AG EXPO?

1440
00:57:51,484 --> 00:57:52,719
I'LL TELL YOU WHY.

1441
00:57:52,719 --> 00:57:55,054
BECAUSE WE NEED EVERYBODY TO

1442
00:57:55,054 --> 00:58:02,028
KNOW HOW WE CHANGED THE WORLD

1443
00:58:02,028 --> 00:58:02,428
CONDITION.

1444
00:58:02,428 --> 00:58:04,264
WHO NEEDS THAT?

1445
00:58:04,264 --> 00:58:05,431
FARMERS SOMETIMES NEED THAT.

1446
00:58:05,431 --> 00:58:07,400
WE HAVE AN AGREEMENT WITH THE

1447
00:58:07,400 --> 00:58:08,535
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION OF THE

1448
00:58:08,535 --> 00:58:10,770
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA WHERE

1449
00:58:10,770 --> 00:58:11,404
WE'RE TAKING THAT GREAT

1450
00:58:11,404 --> 00:58:12,238
INFORMATION AND SHARING IT WITH

1451
00:58:12,238 --> 00:58:14,307
THEM TO THE POINT WHERE THEY ARE

1452
00:58:14,307 --> 00:58:16,709
ABLE TO INCREASE CROP YIELDS

1453
00:58:16,709 --> 00:58:19,145
WHILE REDUCING THEIR WATER USAGE

1454
00:58:19,145 --> 00:58:22,682
BY 25% -- AND BY THE WAY, IN THE

1455
00:58:22,682 --> 00:58:24,350
DESERT OF CALIFORNIA, THAT IS A

1456
00:58:24,350 --> 00:58:25,018
BIG DEAL.

1457
00:58:25,018 --> 00:58:25,852
AND AT THE SAME TIME BECAUSE

1458
00:58:25,852 --> 00:58:27,754
THEY'RE NOT WATERING SO MUCH,

1459
00:58:27,754 --> 00:58:31,291
PRESERVING 50% OF THE NITRATES

1460
00:58:31,291 --> 00:58:33,826
THAT NORMALLY WOULD HAVE ERODED

1461
00:58:33,826 --> 00:58:36,729
INTO THE WATER SUPPLY.

1462
00:58:36,729 --> 00:58:37,530
THOSE HELP THE PLANTS GROW, BUT

1463
00:58:37,530 --> 00:58:39,132
WHEN THEY'RE IN THE WATER

1464
00:58:39,132 --> 00:58:40,300
SUPPLY, THEY'RE VERY BAD TO

1465
00:58:40,300 --> 00:58:41,935
HUMANS AND IT COSTS A LOT OF

1466
00:58:41,935 --> 00:58:43,236
MONEY TO GET THEM OUT OF THE

1467
00:58:43,236 --> 00:58:44,571
WATER SUPPLY.

1468
00:58:44,571 --> 00:58:50,143
SO WE'RE INCREASING YIELDS, AND

1469
00:58:50,143 --> 00:58:51,244
THEY'RE IN THE SOIL WHERE THEY

1470
00:58:51,244 --> 00:58:54,480
OUGHT TO BE, AND WE'RE ABLE TO

1471
00:58:54,480 --> 00:58:56,783
ACHIEVE THIS BECAUSE THE SCIENCE

1472
00:58:56,783 --> 00:58:58,384
MISSION DIRECTORATE IS PROVIDING

1473
00:58:58,384 --> 00:59:02,355
THIS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF STATE

1474
00:59:02,355 --> 00:59:05,592
OF CALIFORNIA -- UNIVERSITY OF

1475
00:59:05,592 --> 00:59:08,561
CALIFORNIA ON A SMALL SCALE.

1476
00:59:08,561 --> 00:59:12,298
WE WERE ABLE TO PROVIDE THIS TO

1477
00:59:12,298 --> 00:59:12,632
UGANDA.

1478
00:59:12,632 --> 00:59:14,801
THEY WERE ABLE TO USE NASA

1479
00:59:14,801 --> 00:59:16,703
TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT A DROUGHT

1480
00:59:16,703 --> 00:59:22,141
THAT WAS ON THE WHO ARE SIGH --

1481
00:59:22,141 --> 00:59:22,475
HORIZON.

1482
00:59:22,475 --> 00:59:24,110
BECAUSE OF THAT, INSTEAD OF

1483
00:59:24,110 --> 00:59:26,179
SPENDING TENS OF MILLIONS OF

1484
00:59:26,179 --> 00:59:28,248
DOLLARS DOING DISASTER RELIEF,

1485
00:59:28,248 --> 00:59:30,316
WE SPENT A COUPLE OF MILLION

1486
00:59:30,316 --> 00:59:31,818
MITIGATING THE DISASTER BEFORE

1487
00:59:31,818 --> 00:59:33,853
IT HAPPENED, SAVING LIVES,

1488
00:59:33,853 --> 00:59:34,621
SAVING MONEY.

1489
00:59:34,621 --> 00:59:36,990
BUT FRIENDS, IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT

1490
00:59:36,990 --> 00:59:39,826
CROPS, ALTHOUGH CROPS ARE A

1491
00:59:39,826 --> 00:59:40,893
CRITICAL PIECE.

1492
00:59:40,893 --> 00:59:43,863
THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE, DISH

1493
00:59:43,863 --> 00:59:46,866
NETWORK, INTERNET BROAD BAND

1494
00:59:46,866 --> 00:59:49,869
FROM SPACE, SATELLITE RADIO,

1495
00:59:49,869 --> 00:59:51,804
COMMUNICATIONS BORN FROM THIS

1496
00:59:51,804 --> 00:59:54,440
LITTLE AGENCY WE CALL NASA,

1497
00:59:54,440 --> 00:59:55,308
SPACE-BASED COMMUNICATIONS.

1498
00:59:55,308 --> 00:59:58,311
WE TALK ABOUT HOW WE NAVIGATE

1499
00:59:58,311 --> 01:00:02,649
WITH GPS, HOW WE PRODUCE FOOD,

1500
01:00:02,649 --> 01:00:04,550
ENERGY, GEOCARBON AND OTHER

1501
01:00:04,550 --> 01:00:07,053
EARTH SCIENCE EMISSIONS, MAKING

1502
01:00:07,053 --> 01:00:08,421
SURE THAT AS WE PRODUCE ENERGY,

1503
01:00:08,421 --> 01:00:10,189
WE'RE NOT POLLUTING THE

1504
01:00:10,189 --> 01:00:10,607
ATMOSPHERE.

1505
01:00:10,607 --> 01:00:13,226
BY THE WAY, THE ENERGY COMPANIES

1506
01:00:13,226 --> 01:00:14,394
LOVE THAT BECAUSE THEN, THEY

1507
01:00:14,394 --> 01:00:16,329
DON'T GET FINED, WHICH IS A GOOD

1508
01:00:16,329 --> 01:00:16,896
THING.

1509
01:00:16,896 --> 01:00:19,999
THE WAY WE DO WEATHER

1510
01:00:19,999 --> 01:00:20,933
PREDICTIONS AND UNDERSTAND THE

1511
01:00:20,933 --> 01:00:25,204
CLIMATE, THE WAY WE DO DISASTER

1512
01:00:25,204 --> 01:00:26,272
RELIEF AND NATIONAL SECURITY,

1513
01:00:26,272 --> 01:00:29,108
THE WAY WE DO BANKING -- ALL OF

1514
01:00:29,108 --> 01:00:32,512
THE BANKING TRANSACTIONS IN THE

1515
01:00:32,512 --> 01:00:33,212
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ARE

1516
01:00:33,212 --> 01:00:37,016
DEPENDENT ON A TIMING SIGNAL

1517
01:00:37,016 --> 01:00:38,384
FROM GPS.

1518
01:00:38,384 --> 01:00:40,887
THE WAY WE REGULATE FLOWS OF

1519
01:00:40,887 --> 01:00:43,389
ELECTRICITY ON THE POWER GRID,

1520
01:00:43,389 --> 01:00:45,858
DEPENDENT ON A TIMING SIGNAL

1521
01:00:45,858 --> 01:00:47,060
FROM GPS.

1522
01:00:47,060 --> 01:00:51,064
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT HOW WE HAVE

1523
01:00:51,064 --> 01:00:52,832
ELEVATED THE HUMAN CONDITION,

1524
01:00:52,832 --> 01:00:54,801
THIS LITTLE AGENCY THAT

1525
01:00:54,801 --> 01:00:57,770
CONSTITUTES ONE HALF -- LESS

1526
01:00:57,770 --> 01:00:59,539
THAN ONE HALF OF ONE PERCENT OF

1527
01:00:59,539 --> 01:01:03,209
THE FEDERAL BUDGET, THIS LITTLE

1528
01:01:03,209 --> 01:01:03,943
AGENCY HAS ELEVATED THE HUMAN

1529
01:01:03,943 --> 01:01:04,711
CONDITION IN WAYS THAT MOST

1530
01:01:04,711 --> 01:01:05,662
PEOPLE DON'T EVEN KNOW.

1531
01:01:05,662 --> 01:01:07,413
IT'S ON US TO LET THEM KNOW.

1532
01:01:07,413 --> 01:01:20,960
IT'S ON US AS THE NASA

1533
01:01:20,960 --> 01:01:22,128
EMPLOYEES, THE NASA CONTRACTORS,

1534
01:01:22,128 --> 01:01:22,829
AS WELL, TO LET THEM KNOW NOT

1535
01:01:22,829 --> 01:01:23,563
JUST FOR THE UNITED STATES BUT

1536
01:01:23,563 --> 01:01:24,130
FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD.

1537
01:01:24,130 --> 01:01:24,897
THIS IS AN AMAZING AGENCY, AND

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01:01:24,897 --> 01:01:27,934
I'VE GOT TO TELL YOU, I AM

1539
01:01:27,934 --> 01:01:30,937
OVERWHELMINGLY HUMBLED WHEN I

1540
01:01:30,937 --> 01:01:32,305
GET UP EVERY DAY AND I HAVE THE

1541
01:01:32,305 --> 01:01:35,074
OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THE

1542
01:01:35,074 --> 01:01:37,076
AMAZINGLY TALENTED PEOPLE THAT

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01:01:37,076 --> 01:01:37,777
WORK HERE.

1544
01:01:37,777 --> 01:01:38,878
KNOW THIS.

1545
01:01:38,878 --> 01:01:41,347
NASA IS GOING TO GET A HEALTHY

1546
01:01:41,347 --> 01:01:41,881
BUDGET.

1547
01:01:41,881 --> 01:01:43,816
THE ADMINISTRATION IS SUPPORTING

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01:01:43,816 --> 01:01:44,217
IT.

1549
01:01:44,217 --> 01:01:46,185
WE'VE GOT BIPARTISAN SUPPORT IN

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01:01:46,185 --> 01:01:47,754
THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE.

1551
01:01:47,754 --> 01:01:50,790
WHAT WE'VE GOT TO DO IS MAKE

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01:01:50,790 --> 01:01:53,192
SURE WE COMMUNICATE IT TO THE

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01:01:53,192 --> 01:01:54,711
WORLD.

1554
01:01:54,711 --> 01:02:03,936
AGAIN, NASA.GOV/MOONTOMARS.

1555
01:02:03,936 --> 01:02:04,721
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

1556
01:02:04,721 --> 01:02:06,773
IT'S GREAT BEING HERE AT THE